The level of interleukin-17, 23, and gamma interferon in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients before and after intra lesion treatment.

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic vector-borne disease that is endemic in tropical and sub-tropical districts. The immune system response is one of the most important factors that has affected parasitic treatment. In this research, the production of IL-17 (Interleukin 17), IL-23 (Interleukin 23), and IFN-ɤ (Interferon-gamma) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. major before and after treatment were compared to evaluate their roles in the recovery process. For this experimental study, we recruited 23 patients in Iran. Ten milliliters of peripheral blood samples were collected before and after one month of treatment, and PBMCs were isolated. Production of IL-17, IL-23, and IFN-ɤ was assessed by sandwich ELISA technique. The production of IFN-ɤ and IL-17 in patients (before treatment sensitive leishmaniasis and resistance leishmaniasis) was more than the healthy controls (P < 0.05). Moreover, both of the cytokines productions in sensitive leishmaniasis cases were more than the resistance leishmaniasis patients. In this study, we observed lower levels of IL-23 in patients compared to healthy controls. And among the patients, IL-23 production was lower in sensitive leishmaniasis cases (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: It appears that the production of IFN-ɤ is necessary for the treatment of leishmaniasis, but further studies are required to address the role of IL-17 and IL-23 in this disease. © Indian Society for Parasitology 2022.