Microfluidic Chip as a Tool for Effective In Vitro Evaluation of Cyclophosphamide Prodrug Toxicity.

Most drugs are metabolized in the liver, which can lead to their activation or inactivation with a change in the parent compound pharmacology, as well as liver damage by active metabolites. Preclinical animal studies of drug safety do not always predict its effect on humans due to species specificity. Thus, for the rapid drug screening, and especially prodrugs, an in vitro system is required that allows predicting xenobiotic cytotoxicity with consideration of their metabolism in liver cells. The use of a microfluidic chip (BioClinicum) made it possible to cultivate a 2D culture of human HaCaT keratinocytes with spheroids of human hepatoma HepaRG cells. After incubation in a specially selected universal serum-free medium containing 3.8 mM cyclophosphamide, pronounced death of HaCaT cells was observed in comparison with culturing in the absence of liver cells.