Mayank Chaudhary1, Tapan Kumar Mukherjee1, Raj Singh1, Mahiti Gupta1, Soniya Goyal1, Paavan Singhal1, Rakesh Kumar2, Nabin Bhusal3, Pooja Sharma4. 1. Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India. 2. Institute for Cereal Crops Improvement, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. 3. Department of Genomics and Plant Breeding, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. 4. Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India. pooja0029@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) system was initially identified in bacteria and archaea as a defense mechanism to confer immunity against phages. Later on, it was developed as a gene editing tool for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells including plant cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: CRISPR/Cas9 approach has wider applications in reverse genetics as well as in crop improvement. Various characters involved in enhancing economic value and crop sustainability against biotic/abiotic stresses can be targeted through this tool. Currently, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing mechanism has been applied on around 20 crop species for improvement in several traits including yield enhancement and resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. In the last five years, maximum genome editing research has been validated in rice, wheat, maize and soybean. Genes targeted in these plants has been involved in causing male sterility, conferring resistance against pathogens or having certain nutritional value. CONCLUSIONS: Current review summarizes various applications of CRISPR/Cas system and its future prospects in plant biotechnology targeting crop improvement with higher yield, disease tolerance and enhanced nutritional value.
BACKGROUND: The CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) system was initially identified in bacteria and archaea as a defense mechanism to confer immunity against phages. Later on, it was developed as a gene editing tool for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells including plant cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: CRISPR/Cas9 approach has wider applications in reverse genetics as well as in crop improvement. Various characters involved in enhancing economic value and crop sustainability against biotic/abiotic stresses can be targeted through this tool. Currently, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing mechanism has been applied on around 20 crop species for improvement in several traits including yield enhancement and resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. In the last five years, maximum genome editing research has been validated in rice, wheat, maize and soybean. Genes targeted in these plants has been involved in causing male sterility, conferring resistance against pathogens or having certain nutritional value. CONCLUSIONS: Current review summarizes various applications of CRISPR/Cas system and its future prospects in plant biotechnology targeting crop improvement with higher yield, disease tolerance and enhanced nutritional value.
Authors: William M Ainley; Lakshmi Sastry-Dent; Mary E Welter; Michael G Murray; Bryan Zeitler; Rainier Amora; David R Corbin; Rebecca R Miles; Nicole L Arnold; Tonya L Strange; Matthew A Simpson; Zehui Cao; Carley Carroll; Katherine S Pawelczak; Ryan Blue; Kim West; Lynn M Rowland; Douglas Perkins; Pon Samuel; Cristie M Dewes; Liu Shen; Shreedharan Sriram; Steven L Evans; Edward J Rebar; Lei Zhang; Phillip D Gregory; Fyodor D Urnov; Steven R Webb; Joseph F Petolino Journal: Plant Biotechnol J Date: 2013-08-19 Impact factor: 9.803
Authors: Nicholas J Baltes; Javier Gil-Humanes; Tomas Cermak; Paul A Atkins; Daniel F Voytas Journal: Plant Cell Date: 2014-01-17 Impact factor: 11.277
Authors: Shaun J Curtin; Feng Zhang; Jeffry D Sander; William J Haun; Colby Starker; Nicholas J Baltes; Deepak Reyon; Elizabeth J Dahlborg; Mathew J Goodwin; Andrew P Coffman; Drena Dobbs; J Keith Joung; Daniel F Voytas; Robert M Stupar Journal: Plant Physiol Date: 2011-04-04 Impact factor: 8.340