Scattering in Cancellous Bone.

Two theoretical models for ultrasonic scattering from cancellous bone have been extensively validated in human cancellous bone in vitro. Many metrics have been devised to assess scattering in vivo. In the diagnostic frequency range (<1 MHz), multiple scattering is much weaker than single scattering. However, evidence for multiple scattering has been detected. At higher frequencies (>1 MHz), the effects of multiple scattering are more pronounced. Clinical trials indicate that backscatter parameters provide useful diagnostic information regarding bone status in adults and neonates. This chapter will emphasize developments in scattering research in the last decade since the previous volume Bone QUS was published.