Ka Shing Cheung1,2, Esther W Chan3, Anthony Tam1, Irene O L Wong4, Wai Kay Seto1,2, Ivan F N Hung1, Ian C K Wong3,5, Wai K Leung1. 1. Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong. 2. Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong&Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China. 3. Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong. 4. School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong. 5. UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Antibiotics may alter colorectal cancer (CRC) risk due to gut dysbiosis. We aimed to study the specific and temporal effects of various antibiotics on CRC development in older individuals. METHODS: This was a territory-wide retrospective cohort study. Subjects aged 60 years and older who did not have CRC diagnosed on screening/diagnostic colonoscopy diagnosed between 2005 and 2013 were recruited. Exclusion criteria were history of CRC, colectomy, inflammatory bowel disease, and CRC diagnosed within 6 months of index colonoscopy. Exposure was use of any antibiotics up to 5 years before colonoscopy. The primary outcomes were CRC diagnosed >6 m after colonoscopy. Covariates were patient demographics, history of colonic polyps/polypectomy, concomitant medication use (NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, aspirin, and statins), and performance of endoscopy centers (colonoscopy volume and polypectomy rate). Stratified analysis was conducted according to nature of antibiotics and location of cancer. RESULTS: Ninety seven thousand one hundred and sixty-two eligible subjects (with 1026 [1.0%] cases of CRC) were identified, 58,704 (60.4%) of whom were exposed to antibiotics before index colonoscopy. Use of antibiotics was associated with a lower risk of cancer in rectum (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.54-0.76), but a higher risk of cancer in proximal colon (aHR: 1.63, 95%CI: 1.15-2.32). These effects differed as regards the anti-anaerobic/anti-aerobic activity, narrow-/broad-spectrum, and administration route of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotics had divergent effects on CRC development in older subjects, which varied according to the location of cancer, antibiotic class, and administration route.
BACKGROUND: Antibiotics may alter colorectal cancer (CRC) risk due to gut dysbiosis. We aimed to study the specific and temporal effects of various antibiotics on CRC development in older individuals. METHODS: This was a territory-wide retrospective cohort study. Subjects aged 60 years and older who did not have CRC diagnosed on screening/diagnostic colonoscopy diagnosed between 2005 and 2013 were recruited. Exclusion criteria were history of CRC, colectomy, inflammatory bowel disease, and CRC diagnosed within 6 months of index colonoscopy. Exposure was use of any antibiotics up to 5 years before colonoscopy. The primary outcomes were CRC diagnosed >6 m after colonoscopy. Covariates were patient demographics, history of colonic polyps/polypectomy, concomitant medication use (NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, aspirin, and statins), and performance of endoscopy centers (colonoscopy volume and polypectomy rate). Stratified analysis was conducted according to nature of antibiotics and location of cancer. RESULTS: Ninety seven thousand one hundred and sixty-two eligible subjects (with 1026 [1.0%] cases of CRC) were identified, 58,704 (60.4%) of whom were exposed to antibiotics before index colonoscopy. Use of antibiotics was associated with a lower risk of cancer in rectum (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.54-0.76), but a higher risk of cancer in proximal colon (aHR: 1.63, 95%CI: 1.15-2.32). These effects differed as regards the anti-anaerobic/anti-aerobic activity, narrow-/broad-spectrum, and administration route of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotics had divergent effects on CRC development in older subjects, which varied according to the location of cancer, antibiotic class, and administration route.
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