| Literature DB >> 35431360 |
Oscar Correa-Jimenez1, Juan José Yunis2, Adriana Linares-Ballesteros1,3, Isabel Sarmiento-Urbina1,4.
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to correlate the genetic profile of the NUDT15 and TPMT genes with the side effects of the treatment of pediatric patients with acute lymphoid leukemia who were undergoing maintenance therapy at a tertiary care hospital in 2017.Entities:
Keywords: Acute lymphoid leukemia; children; drug-related side effects and adverse reactions; mercaptopurine; pharmacogenetics; pharmacogenomic testing
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2021 PMID: 35431360 PMCID: PMC8973308 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v52i3.4569
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Colomb Med (Cali) ISSN: 0120-8322
Figure 1Patients' inclusion flowchart. This diagram shows how the inclusion of patients in the study was carried out and the details of the performance of the genetic studies.
General characteristics and clinical follow-up of study population.
| Characteristic | Measure | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| n or median | % or IQR | ||
| Gender | Female | 35 | 50% |
| Age (Years old) | 6 | 7 | |
| Lineage | B | 65 | 92.9% |
| T | 5 | 7.1% | |
| Risk | Standard | 7 | 10.0% |
| Intermediate | 34 | 48.6% | |
| High | 29 | 41.4% | |
| 6-MP Reduction | 23 | 32.9% | |
| 6-MP Interruption | 20 | 28.6% | |
| Febrile Neutropenia | 8 | 11.4% | |
| Relapse | 11 | 15.7% | |
| Death | 2 | 2.9% | |
| Follow-up 1 | ALT (IU/L) | 48.7 | 91.3 |
| AST (IU/L) | 37.0 | 25.3 | |
| WBC/mm3 | 3,315 | 1,370 | |
| Neutrophils/mm3 | 1,820 | 1,137.5 | |
| Lymphocytes/mm3 | 780 | 690 | |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.5 | 0.3 | |
| Follow-up 2 | ALT (IU/L) | 42.5 | 97.5 |
| AST (IU/L) | 33.55 | 31.13 | |
| WBC/mm3 | 3,060 | 2,160 | |
| Neutrophils/mm3 | 1,721 | 1,682.5 | |
| Lymphocytes/mm3 | 630 | 675 | |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.5 | 0.3 | |
| Follow-up 3 | ALT (IU/L) | 47.00 | 98.48 |
| AST (IU/L) | 34 | 37 | |
| WBC/mm3 | 3,095 | 14,87.5 | |
| Neutrophils/mm3 | 1,615 | 1,196.5 | |
| Lymphocytes/mm3 | 742 | 546 | |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.5 | 0.4 | |
| Follow-up 4 | ALT (IU/L) | 50.35 | 76.43 |
| AST (IU/L) | 32.55 | 23.31 | |
| WBC/mm3 | 3,400 | 1,640 | |
| Neutrophils/mm3 | 1,940 | 1,276.75 | |
| Lymphocytes/mm3 | 760 | 565 | |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.6 | 0.425 | |
| Follow-up 5 | ALT (IU/L) | 50.8 | 116.9 |
| AST (IU/L) | 37 | 42.1 | |
| WBC/mm3 | 3,360 | 1700 | |
| Neutrophils/mm3 | 1,850 | 1,707.5 | |
| Lymphocytes/mm3 | 840 | 465 | |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.6 | 0.465 | |
| Follow-up 6 | ALT (IU/L) | 65.1 | 101.9 |
| AST (IU/L) | 39.8 | 36.2 | |
| WBC/mm3 | 3370 | 1,920 | |
| Neutrophils/mm3 | 1,830 | 1,674.5 | |
| Lymphocytes/mm3 | 910 | 636 | |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.6 | 0.5 | |
This table resumes the general clinical characteristics and follow-up data of the patients included in the study. For each laboratory data, the measurement system used has been noted. The data presented in the "Measure" columns corresponds to the n or medians (subcolumn n or median) and in the other subcolumn its percentage or interquartile range (IQR) is evidenced.
Figure 2Representative allelic discrimination plots for TaqMan genotyping assays. There were no homozygous patients for the mutated alleles of any of the polymorphisms studied. The graphs represent the groups of samples with the wild type allele aligned towards the X or Y axes according to the probe used for their recognition. The non-aligned dots correspond to the mutated allele.
Allelic and genotypic frequencies of the polymorphisms of interest.
| Gene | Annotation | n | Frequency | HWE (p Value) | LatinAmerica1 | LatinAmerica2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| Alleles | rs116855232 | 68 | 0.802 | n= 804 | n= 974 | |
| C | 132 | 0.97 | 0.994 | 0.953 | |||
| T | 4 | 0.03 | 0.006 | 0.047 | |||
| Genotypes | C/C | 64 | 0.94 | ||||
| C/T | 4 | 0.06 | |||||
| T/T | 0 | 0 | |||||
|
| Alleles | rs1800462 | 68 | 0.802 | n= 500 | n= 628 | |
| C | 132 | 0.970 | 0.992 | 0.997 | |||
| G | 4 | 0.03 | 0.008 | 0.003 | |||
| Genotypes | C/C | 64 | 0.94 | ||||
| C/G | 4 | 0.06 | |||||
| G/G | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Alleles | rs1800460 | 68 | 0.703 | n= 1,430 | n= 7,010 | ||
| T | 6 | 0.044 | 0.026 | 0.045 | |||
| C | 130 | 0.956 | 0.974 | 0.955 | |||
| Genotypes | T/T | 0 | 0 | ||||
| T/C | 6 | 0.09 | |||||
| C/C | 62 | 0.91 | |||||
| Alleles | rs1142345 | 42 | 0.746 | n= 1,232 | n= 5,254 | ||
| C | 4 | 0.0476 | 0.041 | 0.052 | |||
| T | 80 | 0.9524 | 0.959 | 0.948 | |||
| Genotypes | C/C | 0 | 0 | ||||
| C/T | 4 | 0.10 | |||||
| T/T | 38 | 0.90 |
This table shows the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the polymorphisms studied. All variants were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (column HWE). Additionally, the allelic frequencies identified in our study were compared with those reported in Latin American population noted in the ALFA project. There were no statistically significant differences between our frequencies and those reported in the ALFA project.
TPMT typing
| Frequencies | ||
|---|---|---|
| Haplotypes | *1 | 78 |
| *2 | 2 | |
| *3A | 4 | |
| Types | *1/*1 | 36 |
| *1/*2 | 2 | |
| *1/*3A | 4 | |
Frequencies of TPMT haplotypes based on the standards of the "Clinical Pharmacogenetic Implementation Consortium" are listed. Given that genotyping of rs1142345 was only possible in 42 subjects and that to carry out these classifications, it is necessary to have genotyping of the 3 TPMT loci. These data correspond only to the 42 patients in whom genotyping was completed.
Association analysis between genotypes and outcomes.
| OUTCOMES |
|
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1800462 | rs1800460 | rs1142345 | ||||||
| C/C | C/T | C/C | C/G | T/C | C/C | C/T | T/T | |
| 6-MP Reduction | ||||||||
| Yes | 21 | 2 | 22 | 1 | 3 | 20 | 2 | 8 |
| No | 43 | 2 | 42 | 3 | 3 | 42 | 2 | 30 |
| 6-MP Interruption | ||||||||
| Yes | 19 | 1 | 18 | 2 | 1 | 19 | 0 | 10 |
| No | 45 | 3 | 46 | 2 | 5 | 43 | 4 | 28 |
| Neutropenia | ||||||||
| Yes | 7 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 5 |
| No | 57 | 3 | 58 | 2 | 6 | 54 | 4 | 33 |
| Relapse | ||||||||
| Yes | 8 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 5 |
| No | 56 | 3 | 56 | 3 | 6 | 53 | 4 | 33 |
| Death | ||||||||
| Yes | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| No | 63 | 3 | 62 | 4 | 6 | 60 | 4 | 36 |
Data are presented as absolute frequency values for each outcome evaluated. No statistically significant association was found between any of the polymorphisms studied and the outcomes of interest.
Comparison of laboratory follow-up according to genotypes.
| Follow-up |
|
| |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1800462 | rs1800460 | rs1142345 | |||||||
| C/C | C/T | C/C | C/G | T/C | C/C | C/T | T/T | ||
| 1st | ALT (IU/L) | 46.20 | 50.50 | 49 | 36 | 45.15 | 48.60 | 49.30 | 53 |
| AST (IU/L) | 34.20 | 41.80 | 36.90 | 30.30 | 42.90 | 35.35 | 42.90 | 38.55 | |
| WBC/mm3 | 3,315 | 3,780 | 3,315 | 3,610 | 2,200 | 3,380 | 2,030 | 3,310 | |
| Neutrophils/mm3 | 1,820 | 1,995 | 1,820 | 1,737 | 980 | 1,910 | 1,020 | 1,980 | |
| Lymphocytes/mm3 | 783 | 409 | 780 | 773 | 630 | 783 | 600 | 725 | |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.50 | 0.60 | 0.51 | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.52 | |
| 2nd | ALT (IU/L) | 45 | 74.50 | 55.40 | 28.80 | 26 | 46 | 53.15 | 45 |
| AST (IU/L) | 33.55 | 33.70 | 33.55 | 33.15 | 37 | 32.70 | 42.80 | 38.25 | |
| WBC/mm3 | 3,135 | 2,170 | 3,020 | 3,980 | 2,160 | 3,225 | 2,305 | 3,245 | |
| Neutrophils/mm3 | 1,835 | 655 | 1,691 | 2,515.50 | 1,295 | 1,835 | 1,440 | 1,835 | |
| Lymphocytes/mm3 | 630 | 1,290 | 640 | 475 | 727 | 630 | 583.50 | 746.50 | |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.50 | 0.23 | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.40 | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.59 | |
| 3rd | ALT (IU/L) | 40 | 59.10 | 39.50 | 89.45 | 37 | 54 | 80.20 | 54 |
| AST (IU/L) | 34.50 | 33.10 | 33.30 | 38.65 | 42.20 | 33.65 | 42.20 | 35 | |
| WBC/mm3 | 3,070 | 2,865 | 3,100 | 2,085 | 3,100 | 3,050 | 3,130 | 3,055 | |
| Neutrophils/mm3 | 1,635 | 1,430 | 1,645 | 1,175 | 1,440 | 1,635 | 2,680 | 1,540 | |
| Lymphocytes/mm3 | 734 | 1010 | 753 | 470 | 1030 | 712 | 875 | 768 | |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.50 | 0.30 | 0.50 | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | |
| 4th | ALT (IU/L) | 52.40 | 18.10 | 52.40 | 33.70 | 41.60 | 52.40 | 138.30 | 63 |
| AST (IU/L) | 31.10 | 32.10 | 31.20 | 36.30 | 47.21 | 31.20 | 89.90 | 30.40 | |
| WBC/mm3 | 3,400 | 3,135 | 3,400 | 2,980 | 2,570 | 3,510 | 2,615 | 3,635 | |
| Neutrophils/mm3 | 1,940 | 1,720 | 1,955 | 860 | 1,700 | 1,970 | 1,735 | 1,955 | |
| Lymphocytes/mm3 | 760 | 740 | 760 | 1,305 | 535 | 800 | 535 | 800 | |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.70 | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.45 | 0.70 | 0.40 | 0.70 | |
| 5th | ALT (IU/L) | 54 | 23.40 | 55 | 24 | 29.10 | 54 | 67.10 | 60.75 |
| AST (IU/L) | 40.70 | 35.40 | 42.10 | 25.50 | 42.10 | 38.15 | 55.10 | 47.30 | |
| WBC/mm3 | 3,470 | 3,060 | 3,430 | 3,435 | 2,615 | 3,470 | 2,615 | 3,740 | |
| Neutrophils/mm3 | 1,930 | 1,410 | 1,905 | 1,764 | 1,360 | 1,930 | 1,360 | 1,800 | |
| Lymphocytes/mm3 | 845 | 560 | 830 | 900 | 793 | 850 | 845 | 870 | |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.50 | 0.80 | 0.30 | 0.60 | 0.40 | 0.65 | |
| 6th | ALT (IU/L) | 68.55 | 38 | 70.30 | 35.45 | 71 | 66.05 | 71 | 70.10 |
| AST (IU/L) | 41.50 | 30.90 | 43.95 | 31.35 | 53.80 | 40 | 63 | 44.90 | |
| WBC/mm3 | 3,385 | 2,655 | 3,385 | 3,145 | 3,200 | 3,370 | 2,755 | 3,650 | |
| Neutrophils/mm3 | 1,820 | 1,415 | 1,790 | 1,790 | 1,515 | 1,800 | 1,185 | 1,750 | |
| Lymphocytes/mm3 | 905 | 1,060 | 910 | 810 | 681 | 915.50 | 680 | 921 | |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.60 | 0.71 | 0.56 | 0.60 | 0.38 | 0.60 | |
Association analysis between TPMT diplotypes and outcomes.
| OUTCOMES |
| p Value | |
| *1/*1 | *1/another | ||
| 6-MP Reduction | |||
| Yes | 8 | 2 | 0.616 |
| No | 28 | 4 | |
| 6-MP Interruption | |||
| Yes | 10 | 0 | 0.308 |
| No | 26 | 6 | |
| Neutropenia | |||
| Yes | 5 | 0 | 1.000 |
| No | 31 | 6 | |
| Relapse | |||
| Yes | 4 | 1 | 0.557 |
| No | 32 | 5 | |
| Death | |||
| Yes | 2 | 0 | 1.000 |
| No | 34 | 6 | |
Figura 1Diagrama de inclusión de pacientes. Este diagrama muestra cómo se llevo a cabo la inclusión de pacientes en el estudio, así cómo los detalles relacionados con la realización de estudios genéticos.
Características Generales y seguimiento clínico de la población de estudio.
| Característica | Medición | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| n o mediana | % o RIQ | ||
| Género | Femenino | 35 | 50% |
| Edad (Años cumplidos) | 6 | 7 | |
| Linaje | B | 65 | 92.9% |
| T | 5 | 7.1% | |
| Riesgo | Estándar | 7 | 10% |
| Intermedio | 34 | 48.6% | |
| Alto | 29 | 41.4% | |
| Reducción dosis 6-MP | 23 | 32.9% | |
| Interacción 6-MP | 20 | 28.6% | |
| Neutropenia Febril | 8 | 11.4% | |
| Recaída | 11 | 15.7% | |
| Muerte | 2 | 2.9% | |
| Seguimiento 1 | ALT (IU/L) | 48.7 | 91.25 |
| AST (IU/L) | 37 | 25.3 | |
| Leucocitos/mm3 | 3,315 | 1,370 | |
| Neutrófilos/mm3 | 1,820 | 1,137.5 | |
| Linfocitos/mm3 | 780 | 690 | |
| Bilirubina total (mg/dL) | 0.5 | 0.3 | |
| Seguimiento 2 | ALT (IU/L) | 42.5 | 97.5 |
| AST (IU/L) | 33.55 | 31.125 | |
| Leucocitos/mm3 | 3,060 | 2,160 | |
| Neutrófilos/mm3 | 1,721 | 1,682.5 | |
| Linfocitos/mm3 | 630 | 675 | |
| Bilirubina total (mg/dL) | 0.5 | 0.3 | |
| Seguimiento 3 | ALT (IU/L) | 47 | 98.475 |
| AST (IU/L) | 34 | 37 | |
| Leucocitos/mm3 | 3,095 | 1,487.5 | |
| Neutrófilos/mm3 | 1,615 | 1,196.5 | |
| Linfocitos/mm3 | 742 | 546 | |
| Bilirubina total (mg/dL) | 0.5 | 0.4 | |
| Seguimiento 4 | ALT (IU/L) | 50.35 | 76.425 |
| AST (IU/L) | 32.55 | 23.308 | |
| Leucocitos/mm3 | 3,400 | 1,640 | |
| Neutrófilos/mm3 | 1,940 | 1,276.75 | |
| Linfocitos/mm3 | 760 | 565 | |
| Bilirubina total (mg/dL) | 0.6 | 0.425 | |
| Seguimiento 5 | ALT (IU/L) | 50.8 | 116.9 |
| AST (IU/L) | 37 | 42.1 | |
| Leucocitos/mm3 | 3,360 | 1,700 | |
| Neutrófilos/mm3 | 1,850 | 1,707.5 | |
| Linfocitos/mm3 | 840 | 465 | |
| Bilirubina total (mg/dL) | 0.6 | 0.465 | |
| Seguimiento 6 | ALT (IU/L) | 65.1 | 101.9 |
| AST (IU/L) | 39.8 | 36.2 | |
| Leucocitos/mm3 | 3,370 | 1,920 | |
| Neutrófilos/mm3 | 1,830 | 1,674.5 | |
| Linfocitos/mm3 | 910 | 636 | |
| Bilirubina total (mg/dL) | 0.6 | 0.5 | |
Esta tabla resume las características clínicas generales y de seguimiento de los pacientes incluidos en el estudio. Para cada valor de laboratorio se ha anotado el sistema de medición empleado. Los datos presentada en las columnas de “Medición” corresponden al n o las medianas (subcolumna n o mediana) y la otra subcolumna corresponde a su porcentaje o rango intercuartil
Figura 2Imagen representativa de las gráficas de discriminación alélica obtenidos por los ensayos de genotipificiación. No hubo pacientes homocigotos para los alelos mutados en ninguno de los polimorfismos estudiados. Los gráficos representan los grupos de muestras con el alelo de tipo salvaje alineado hacia los ejes X o Y según la sonda utilizada para su reconocimiento. Los puntos no alineados corresponden al alelo mutado.
Frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas de los polimorfismos de interés.
| Gen | Anotación | n | Frecuencia | HW (p Value) | Latinoamérica1 | Latinoamérica2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs116855232 | 68 | 0.802 | n= 804 | n= 974 | |||
| Alelos | C | 132 | 0.97 | 0.994 | 0.953 | ||
| T | 4 | 0.03 | 0.006 | 0.047 | |||
| Genotipos | C/C | 64 | 0.94 | ||||
| C/T | 4 | 0.06 | |||||
| T/T | 0 | 0 | |||||
| rs1800462 | 68 | 0.802 | n= 500 | n= 628 | |||
| Alelos | C | 132 | 0.970 | 0.992 | 0.997 | ||
| G | 4 | 0.03 | 0.008 | 0.003 | |||
| Genotipos | C/C | 64 | 0.94 | ||||
| C/G | 4 | 0.06 | |||||
| G/G | 0 | 0 | |||||
| rs1800460 | 68 | 0.703 | n= 1,430 | n= 7,010 | |||
| Alelos | T | 6 | 0.044 | 0.026 | 0.045 | ||
| C | 130 | 0.956 | 0.974 | 0.955 | |||
| Genotipos | T/T | 0 | 0 | ||||
| T/C | 6 | 0.09 | |||||
| C/C | 62 | 0.91 | |||||
| rs1142345 | 42 | 0.746 | n= 1,232 | n= 5,254 | |||
| Alelos | C | 4 | 0.0476 | 0.041 | 0.052 | ||
| T | 80 | 0.9524 | 0.959 | 0.948 | |||
| Genotipos | C/C | 0 | 0 | ||||
| C/T | 4 | 0.10 | |||||
| T/T | 38 | 0.90 |
Esta tabla muestra las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas de los polimorfismos estudiados. Se encontró que todas las variantes estaban en equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg (columna HW). Además, las frecuencias alélicas identificadas en nuestro estudio se compararon con en la población latinoamericana anotadas en el proyecto ALFA. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significantes entre nuestras frecuencias y las reportadas en el proyecto ALFA.
Tipificación de TPMT.
| Frequencias | ||
|---|---|---|
| Haplotipos | *1 | 78 |
| *2 | 2 | |
| *3A | 4 | |
| Tipos | *1/*1 | 36 |
| *1/*2 | 2 | |
| *1/*3A | 4 | |
Se listan las frecuencias de los tipos de TPMT basadas en los estándares del “Consorcio de implementación de farmacogenética clínica”. Dado que la genotipificación de rs1142345 solo fue posible en 42 sujetos y que para realizar estas clasificaciones es necesario tener genotipificación de los 3 loci de TPMT, estos datos corresponden solo a los 42 pacientes en los que se completó la genotipificación.
Análisis de asociación entre genotipos y desenlaces.
| Desenlaces | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1800462 | rs1800460 | rs1142345 | ||||||
| C/C | C/T | C/C | C/G | T/C | C/C | C/T | T/T | |
| Reducción 6-MP | ||||||||
| Si | 21 | 2 | 22 | 1 | 3 | 20 | 2 | 8 |
| No | 43 | 2 | 42 | 3 | 3 | 42 | 2 | 30 |
| Interrupción 6-MP | ||||||||
| Si | 19 | 1 | 18 | 2 | 1 | 19 | 0 | 10 |
| No | 45 | 3 | 46 | 2 | 5 | 43 | 4 | 28 |
| Neutropenia | ||||||||
| Si | 7 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 5 |
| No | 57 | 3 | 58 | 2 | 6 | 54 | 4 | 33 |
| Recaída | ||||||||
| Si | 8 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 5 |
| No | 56 | 3 | 56 | 3 | 6 | 53 | 4 | 33 |
| Muerte | ||||||||
| Si | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| No | 63 | 3 | 62 | 4 | 6 | 60 | 4 | 36 |
Los datos se presentan como valores de frecuencia absoluta para cada desenlace evaluado. No se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre ninguno de los polimorfismos estudiados y los resultados de interés.
Análisis de asociación entre diplotipos de TPMT y desenlaces.
| Desenlaces | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| *1/*1 | *1/otro | ||
| Reducción 6-MP | |||
| Si | 8 | 2 | 0.616 |
| No | 28 | 4 | |
| Interrupción 6-MP | |||
| Si | 10 | 0 | 0.308 |
| No | 26 | 6 | |
| Neutropenia | |||
| Si | 5 | 0 | 1.000 |
| No | 31 | 6 | |
| Recaída | |||
| Si | 4 | 1 | 0.557 |
| No | 32 | 5 | |
| Muerte | |||
| Si | 2 | 0 | 1.000 |
| No | 34 | 6 | |
Comparación del seguimiento de laboratorios en relación con los genotipos.
| Seguimiento | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1800462 | rs1800460 | rs1142345 | |||||||
| C/C | C/T | C/C | C/G | T/C | C/C | C/T | T/T | ||
| 1 | ALT (IU/L) | 46.20 | 50.50 | 49 | 36 | 45.15 | 48.60 | 49.30 | 53 |
| AST (IU/L) | 34.20 | 41.80 | 36.90 | 30.30 | 42.90 | 35.35 | 42.90 | 38.55 | |
| Leucocitos/mm3 | 3,315 | 3,780 | 3,315 | 3,610 | 2,200 | 3,380 | 2,030 | 3,310 | |
| Neutrófilos/mm3 | 1,820 | 1,995 | 1,820 | 1,737 | 980 | 1,910 | 1,020 | 1,980 | |
| Linfocitos/mm3 | 783 | 409 | 780 | 773 | 630 | 783 | 600 | 725 | |
| Bilirubina total (mg/dL) | 0.50 | 0.60 | 0.51 | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.52 | |
| 2 | ALT (IU/L) | 45 | 74.50 | 55.40 | 28.80 | 26 | 46 | 53.15 | 45 |
| AST (IU/L) | 33.55 | 33.70 | 33.55 | 33.15 | 37 | 32.70 | 42.80 | 38.25 | |
| Leucocitos/mm3 | 3,135 | 2,170 | 3,020 | 3,980 | 2,160 | 3,225 | 2,305 | 3,245 | |
| Neutrófilos/mm3 | 1,835 | 655 | 1,691 | 2,515.50 | 1,295 | 1,835 | 1,440 | 1,835 | |
| Linfocitos/mm3 | 630 | 1,290 | 640 | 475 | 727 | 630 | 583.50 | 746.50 | |
| Bilirubina total (mg/dL) | 0.50 | 0.23 | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.40 | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.59 | |
| 3 | ALT (IU/L) | 40 | 59.10 | 39.50 | 89.45 | 37 | 54 | 80.20 | 54 |
| AST (IU/L) | 34.50 | 33.10 | 33.30 | 38.65 | 42.20 | 33.65 | 42.20 | 35 | |
| Leucocitos/mm3 | 3,070 | 2,865 | 3,100 | 2,085 | 3,100 | 3,050 | 3,130 | 3,055 | |
| Neutrófilos/mm3 | 1,635 | 1,430 | 1,645 | 1,175 | 1,440 | 1,635 | 2,680 | 1,540 | |
| Linfocitos/mm3 | 734 | 1,010 | 753 | 470 | 1,030 | 712 | 875 | 768 | |
| Bilirubina total (mg/dL) | 0.50 | 0.30 | 0.50 | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | |
| 4 | ALT (IU/L) | 52.40 | 18.10 | 52.40 | 33.70 | 41.60 | 52.40 | 138.30 | 63 |
| AST (IU/L) | 31.10 | 32.10 | 31.20 | 36.30 | 47.21 | 31.20 | 89.90 | 30.40 | |
| Leucocitos/mm3 | 3,400 | 3,135 | 3,400 | 2,980 | 2,570 | 3,510 | 2,615 | 3,635 | |
| Neutrófilos/mm3 | 1,940 | 1,720 | 1,955 | 860 | 1,700 | 1,970 | 1,735 | 1,955 | |
| Linfocitos/mm3 | 760 | 740 | 760 | 1,305 | 535 | 800 | 535 | 800 | |
| Bilirubina total (mg/dL) | 0.70 | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.45 | 0.70 | 0.40 | 0.70 | |
| 5 | ALT (IU/L) | 54 | 23.40 | 55 | 24 | 29.10 | 54 | 67.10 | 60.75 |
| AST (IU/L) | 40.70 | 35.40 | 42.10 | 25.50 | 42.10 | 38.15 | 55.10 | 47.30 | |
| Leucocitos/mm3 | 3,470 | 3,060 | 3,430 | 3,435 | 2,615 | 3,470 | 2,615 | 3,740 | |
| Neutrófilos/mm3 | 1,930 | 1,410 | 1,905 | 1,764 | 1,360 | 1,930 | 1,360 | 1,800 | |
| Linfocitos/mm3 | 845 | 560 | 830 | 900 | 793 | 850 | 845 | 870 | |
| Bilirubina total (mg/dL) | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.50 | 0.80 | 0.30 | 0.60 | 0.40 | 0.65 | |
| 6 | ALT (IU/L) | 68.55 | 38 | 70.30 | 35.45 | 71 | 66.05 | 71 | 70.10 |
| AST (IU/L) | 41.50 | 30.90 | 43.95 | 31.35 | 53.80 | 40 | 63 | 44.90 | |
| Leucocitos/mm3 | 3,385 | 2,655 | 3,385 | 3,145 | 3,200 | 3,370 | 2,755 | 3,650 | |
| Neutrófilos/mm3 | 1,820 | 1,415 | 1,790 | 1,790 | 1,515 | 1,800 | 1,185 | 1,750 | |
| Linfocitos/mm3 | 905 | 1,060 | 910 | 810 | 681 | 915.50 | 680 | 921 | |
| Bilirubina total (mg/dL) | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.60 | 0.71 | 0.56 | 0.60 | 0.38 | 0.60 | |
| 1) Why was this study conducted? |
| Several studies carried out mainly in the United States and Asia have shown associations between the variants of the |
| 2) What were the most relevant results of the study? |
| No statistically significant associations were identified between genetic variants in |
| 3) What do these results contribute? |
| Our results point to the need to carry out national studies aimed at the search for “autochthonous biomarkers” that allow the identification of pediatric cancer patients who present a higher risk of developing toxicity outcomes during their treatments. |
| 1) ¿Por qué se realizó este estudio? |
| Diversos estudios realizados principalmente en Estados Unidos y Asia han mostrado asociaciones entre las variantes de los genes |
| 2) ¿Cuáles fueron los resultados más relevantes del estudio? |
| No se identificaron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre las variantes genéticas en |
| 3) ¿Qué aportan estos resultados? |
| Nuestros resultados apuntan a la necesidad de realizar estudios nacionales dirigidos a la búsqueda de “biomarcadores autóctonos” que permitan identificar a los pacientes pediátricos oncológicos que presentan mayor riesgo de desarrollar resultados de toxicidad durante sus tratamientos de quimioterapia. |