Literature DB >> 34875726

Is Bending the Hook Plate Necessary in Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation?

Kyu-Hak Jung1.   

Abstract

Entities:  

Year:  2021        PMID: 34875726      PMCID: PMC8651593          DOI: 10.5397/cise.2021.00640

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Clin Shoulder Elb        ISSN: 1226-9344


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Hook plate placement to treat acromioclavicular joint dislocation has been used widely since the 1980s despite the inconvenience of having to remove the plate several months after surgery [1]. The reason for its continued use is that the operation is simple, and the effect is satisfactory [2,3]. However, several complications of this procedure are controversial. One of them is subacromial erosion/osteolysis due to use of a plate hook [4,5]. The study, “The clinical outcomes of bending versus non-bending of the plate hook in acromioclavicular joint dislocation,” by Joo et al. [6] in the issue focuses on subacromial osteolysis of the hook plate and its associated deterioration of clinical outcomes. Several papers have demonstrated that friction pain and osteolysis are caused by compression of the subacromial area of the hook plate [7-10]. There also are reports of other complications, such as postoperative acromial fracture with severe osteolysis [11-15]. In a study by Joo et al. [6], the hook plate was bent with the angle of the plate hook an average of 21º, and patient outcomes were compared with those of the non-bending group. The results showed that the incidence of subacromial osteolysis was significantly reduced, and the clinical outcome prior to plate removal had improved considerably. Since then, several studies have described the effects of the bending of hook plates. Li et al. [16] reported improved clinical results by bending the hook by 15º. They observed that the patients’ clinical outcomes were improved by reducing the amount of hook compression applied to the subacromial area by bending the hook plate. Hyun et al. [17] applied hook plate bending that followed the patient’s unique acromial arch through a modified fluoroscopic technique (hook view) and obtained better results than those in patients who underwent non-bending procedures. As reported by Li et al. [16], bending the hook plate reduces the transmission of excessive compressive force from the clavicle to the subacromial area by decreasing the clavicle angle [18,19]. However, according to a finite analysis by Hung et al. [20], increasing the bending angle can shorten the lever arm of the hook and increase the stress applied to the contact surface between the acromion and the plate. Even though the maximum stress was lower than the yield strength of the hook plate, there were no reports of deformity or hook fracture after hook plate bending. However, compared to the small number of clinical studies on bending plates, there is a large number of studies on non-bending plates. This makes it difficult to conclude that there are no problems with bending the hooks because they simply might not have been discovered yet. Despite these studies, design of the hook plate has not changed much for 30 years. There could be many reasons for this lack of redesign. In most cases, the hook plate is removed within a few months, and the induced complications do not worsen after removal, and the clinical results improve in most cases [21,22]. Many studies recommend early removal of the hook plate to prevent complications and aggravation of clinical outcomes [8,19]. In a study of Joo et al. [6], there was a significant difference in osteolysis between the bending and non-bending groups. However, the difference in clinical results was resolved after metal removal. Even if there are only minor complications caused by a non-bending hook plate, it is important not to induce a severe complication by proceeding with early removal [15,23]. In the study of Oh et al. [24], 38% of subacromial erosion cases were confirmed in the group where the hook plate was removed at 5.31 months, but 67% of the group who had the hook plate removed at 9.65 months demonstrated the same type of erosion. Because a randomized controlled trial or meta-analysis has not been published, a conclusion cannot be made about this issue. The hook plate bending technique is thought to be worth considering in surgeries that use a hook plate. Hook plates can be bent at an appropriate angle to match the patient’s unique anatomy or shaped according to the patient’s specific acromial curve. The results of additional future studies are needed to determine the best method.
  22 in total

1.  Fixation failure of the clavicular hook plate: a report of three cases.

Authors:  R M Charity; S G Haidar; S Ghosh; A B Tillu
Journal:  J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)       Date:  2006-12       Impact factor: 1.118

2.  General Health Status After Nonoperative Versus Operative Treatment for Acute, Complete Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation: Results of a Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial.

Authors:  Jeffrey M Mah
Journal:  J Orthop Trauma       Date:  2017-09       Impact factor: 2.512

3.  Current practice in the management of Rockwood type III acromioclavicular joint dislocations-National survey.

Authors:  Peter Domos; Frank Sim; Mike Dunne; Andrew White
Journal:  J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)       Date:  2017 May-Aug       Impact factor: 1.118

4.  In vivo analysis of acromioclavicular joint motion after hook plate fixation using three-dimensional computed tomography.

Authors:  Yoon Sang Kim; Yon-Sik Yoo; Seong Wook Jang; Ayyappan Vijayachandran Nair; Hyonki Jin; Hyun-Seok Song
Journal:  J Shoulder Elbow Surg       Date:  2015-01-22       Impact factor: 3.019

5.  Outcome of operative treatment in fresh lateral clavicular fracture.

Authors:  A Eskola; S Vainionpää; H Pätiälä; P Rokkanen
Journal:  Ann Chir Gynaecol       Date:  1987

6.  The clavicle hook plate for Neer type II lateral clavicle fractures.

Authors:  R J Renger; G R Roukema; J C Reurings; P M Raams; J Font; E J M M Verleisdonk
Journal:  J Orthop Trauma       Date:  2009-09       Impact factor: 2.512

7.  Treatment of Tossy III acromioclavicular joint injuries using hook plates and ligament suture.

Authors:  Khaled Hamed Salem; Andreas Schmelz
Journal:  J Orthop Trauma       Date:  2009-09       Impact factor: 2.512

8.  Repair of complete acromioclavicular separations using the acromioclavicular-hook plate.

Authors:  E Sim; N Schwarz; K Höcker; A Berzlanovich
Journal:  Clin Orthop Relat Res       Date:  1995-05       Impact factor: 4.176

9.  Clavicular hook plate may induce subacromial shoulder impingement and rotator cuff lesion--dynamic sonographic evaluation.

Authors:  Hsin-Yu Lin; Poo-Kuang Wong; Wei-Pin Ho; Tai-Yuan Chuang; Yi-Shyan Liao; Chin-Chean Wong
Journal:  J Orthop Surg Res       Date:  2014-02-06       Impact factor: 2.359

10.  Crossbar Technique for the Failed Clavicular Hook Plate Fixation in an Acute Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation: Salvage for Acromial Fracture after Clavicular Hook Plate.

Authors:  Kyoung Hwan Koh; Dong Ju Shin; Seong Mun Hwang
Journal:  Clin Shoulder Elb       Date:  2019-09-01
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