Deepika R Laddu1, Michael J LaMonte2, Bernhard Haring3, Hajwa Kim4, Peggy Cawthon5, Jennifer W Bea6, Hailey Banack2, Jane A Cauley7, Matthew A Allison8, Lisa Warsinger Martin9, Meryl S LeBoff10, Marcia L Stefanick11, Shane A Phillips12, Jun Ma13. 1. Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: dladdu@uic.edu. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo - SUNY, New York, Buffalo, New York, USA. 3. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University Heart Center Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine I/Cardiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. 4. University of Illinois at Chicago, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Biostatistics Core, 914 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, USA. 5. California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. 6. Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. 7. Department Of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 8. Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. 9. Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA. 10. Endocrine-Hypertension Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass, USA. 11. Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. 12. Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. 13. Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Rd, Room 586 (MC 275), Chicago, IL, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the association between changes in physical performance and blood pressure (BP) (e.g., systolic [SBP], diastolic [DBP], pulse pressure) in older women. METHODS: 5627 women (mean age 69.8 ± 3.7 y) with grip strength, chair stand, gait speed performance and clinic-measured BP at baseline and at least one follow-up (years 1, 3 or 6) were included. Generalized estimating equation analysis of multivariable models with standardized point estimates described the longitudinal association between physical performance and BP changes in the overall cohort, and in models stratified by baseline cardiovascular disease (CVD), time-varying antihypertensive medication use (none, ≥1) and enrollment age (65-69 y; 70-79 y). RESULTS: Overall, each z-score unit increment in grip strength was associated with 0.59 mmHg (95% CI 0.10, 1.08) higher SBP, and 0.39 mmHg (95% CI 0.11, 0.67) higher DBP. In stratified models, a standardized increment in grip strength was associated with higher SBP in women without CVD (0.81; 95% CI 0.23-1.39), among antihypertensive medication users (0.93; 95% CI 0.44, 1.41) and non-users (0.37; 95% CI 0.03, 0.71), and in those aged 65-69 y (0.64; 95% CI 0.04, 1.24). Similarly, a standardized increment in any of the three performance measures was associated with modestly higher DBP in antihypertensive medication users, and those aged 70-79 y. Associations between any performance measure and pulse pressure change were not significant. CONCLUSION: These results suggest a positive, and statistically significant relationship between physical performance and BP that appears to be influenced by CVD history, antihypertensive medication use, and age.
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the association between changes in physical performance and blood pressure (BP) (e.g., systolic [SBP], diastolic [DBP], pulse pressure) in older women. METHODS: 5627 women (mean age 69.8 ± 3.7 y) with grip strength, chair stand, gait speed performance and clinic-measured BP at baseline and at least one follow-up (years 1, 3 or 6) were included. Generalized estimating equation analysis of multivariable models with standardized point estimates described the longitudinal association between physical performance and BP changes in the overall cohort, and in models stratified by baseline cardiovascular disease (CVD), time-varying antihypertensive medication use (none, ≥1) and enrollment age (65-69 y; 70-79 y). RESULTS: Overall, each z-score unit increment in grip strength was associated with 0.59 mmHg (95% CI 0.10, 1.08) higher SBP, and 0.39 mmHg (95% CI 0.11, 0.67) higher DBP. In stratified models, a standardized increment in grip strength was associated with higher SBP in women without CVD (0.81; 95% CI 0.23-1.39), among antihypertensive medication users (0.93; 95% CI 0.44, 1.41) and non-users (0.37; 95% CI 0.03, 0.71), and in those aged 65-69 y (0.64; 95% CI 0.04, 1.24). Similarly, a standardized increment in any of the three performance measures was associated with modestly higher DBP in antihypertensive medication users, and those aged 70-79 y. Associations between any performance measure and pulse pressure change were not significant. CONCLUSION: These results suggest a positive, and statistically significant relationship between physical performance and BP that appears to be influenced by CVD history, antihypertensive medication use, and age.
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