Yang Hu1,2,3,4, Mark E Burkard5,6,7,8. 1. Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology and Palliative Care, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. 2. McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. 3. UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. 4. Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. 5. Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology and Palliative Care, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. mburkard@wisc.edu. 6. McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. mburkard@wisc.edu. 7. UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. mburkard@wisc.edu. 8. Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. mburkard@wisc.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Conventional chemotherapies are a mainstay for metastatic breast cancers, though durable response is rare. Immunotherapies promise long-term responses thorough immune activation but have been underwhelming in breast cancer relative to other cancer types. Here, we review the mechanisms of existing strategies including chemotherapies and how they may cause breast cancers to become immunogenic to identify potential biomarkers for combinations of conventional and immunotherapies. CONCLUSION: Mechanistic considerations should inform biomarker development and patient selection for therapeutic combinations of drugs to combine with immune-checkpoint inhibitors.
PURPOSE: Conventional chemotherapies are a mainstay for metastatic breast cancers, though durable response is rare. Immunotherapies promise long-term responses thorough immune activation but have been underwhelming in breast cancer relative to other cancer types. Here, we review the mechanisms of existing strategies including chemotherapies and how they may cause breast cancers to become immunogenic to identify potential biomarkers for combinations of conventional and immunotherapies. CONCLUSION: Mechanistic considerations should inform biomarker development and patient selection for therapeutic combinations of drugs to combine with immune-checkpoint inhibitors.
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