| Literature DB >> 34762178 |
Wiebke Frank1, Katrin S Lindenberg1, Alzbeta Mühlbäck1,2,3, Jan Lewerenz1, G Bernhard Landwehrmeyer4.
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is the most frequent monogenetic neurodegenerative disease and can be unequivocally diagnosed even in the preclinical stage, at least in all individuals in whom the CAG expansion mutation in the huntingtin gene (HTT) is in the range of full penetrance. Therefore, important preconditions for an intervention early in the disease process are met, rendering modification of the course of the disease in a clinically meaningful way possible. In this respect, HD can be viewed as a model disorder for exploring neuroprotective treatment approaches. In the past emphasis was placed on the compensation of a suspected neurotransmitter deficit (GABA) analogous to Parkinson's disease and on classical neuroprotective strategies to influence hypothetical common pathways in neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress). With the discovery of the causative HTT mutation in 1993, therapeutic research increasingly focused on intervening as proximally as possible in the chain of pathophysiological events. Currently, an important point of intervention is the HTT mRNA with the aim of reducing the continued production of mutant huntingtin gene products and thus relieving the body of their detrimental actions. To this end, various treatment modalities (single-stranded DNA and RNA, divalent RNA and zinc finger repressor complexes, orally available splice modulators) were developed and are currently in clinical trials (phases I-III) or in late stages of preclinical development. In addition, there is the notion that it may be possible to modify the length of the somatically unstable CAG mutation, i.e. its increase in the brain during the lifetime, thereby slowing the progression of HD.Entities:
Keywords: Antisense oligonucleotide; Disease modification; Gene therapy; HTT mRNA; Neuroprotection
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2021 PMID: 34762178 PMCID: PMC8825394 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01224-8
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Nervenarzt ISSN: 0028-2804 Impact factor: 1.297
| Sponsor (Studie) | Agens | Verabreichung | Mechanismus | Allelselektiv | Identifier | Phase | Endpunkt erreicht |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IIT | Baclofen | Oral | GABAB-Rezeptor-Agonist | – | – | – | Nein [ |
| UBC (Mitigate-HD) | Memantin | Oral | NMDA-Rezeptor-Antagonist | – | NCT01458470 | II | Nein |
| HSG | Riluzol | Oral | Antiexzitotatorisch | – | – | III | Nein [ |
| IIT (EHDI) | Riluzol | Oral | Antiexzitotatorisch | – | NCT00277602 | III | Nein [ |
| IIT | Lamotrigin | Oral | Natriumkanalblocker | – | – | – | Nein [ |
| IIT | Amantadin | Oral | NMDA-Rezeptor-Antagonist | – | – | – | Nein [ |
| HSG (CAREHD) | Remacemid | Oral | NMDA-Rezeptor-Antagonist | – | – | – | Nein [ |
| HSG (CAREHD) | Koenzym Q10 | Oral | Mitochondriale Funktion ↑ Oxidativer Stress ↓ | – | – | III | Nein [ |
| IIT | Ethyl-EPA | Oral | Mitochondriale Funktion ↑ | – | – | – | Nein [ |
| HSG (2CARE) | Koenzym Q10 | Oral | Mitochondriale Funktion ↑ Oxidativer Stress ↓ | – | NCT00608881 | III | Nein [ |
| MGH (CREST-E) | Kreatin | Oral | ATP-Level ↑ | – | NCT00712426 | III | Nein [ |
| NCCIH (CREST-HD) | Kreatin | Oral | ATP-Level ↑ | – | NCT00026988 | I/II | Nein [ |
| IIT | Cysteamin | Oral | BDNF-Spiegel ↑ | – | NCT02101957 | II/III | Nein [ |
| HSG (TREND-HD) | Ethyl-EPA | Oral | Mitochondriale Funktion ↑ | – | NCT00146211 | III | Nein [ |
| HSG | Minocyclin | Oral | Antiinflammatorisch | – | NCT00277355 | II/III | Nein [ |
| Teva (Legato-HD) | Laquinimod | Oral | Inflammationsmodulation | – | NCT02215616 | II | Nein [ |
| Vaccinex (SIGNAL) | Pepinemab (VX15) | i.v. | Anti-Semaphorin 4D monoklonaler Antikörper | – | NCT02481674 | II | Nein [ |
| Ionis Pharmaceuticals | RG6042 | i.th. | Nein | NCT02519036 | I/IIa | Ja [ | |
| Wave Life Sciences (Precision-HD1) | WVE-120101 | i.th. | m | Ja | NCT03225833 | I/II | Nein [ |
| Wave Life Sciences (Precision-HD2) | WVE-120102 | i.th. | m | Ja | NCT03225846 | I/II | Nein [ |
ASO Antisense-Oligonukleotide, ATP Adenosintriphosphat, BDNF „brain-derived neurotrophic factor“, GABA γ‑Aminobuttersäure, EHDI European Huntington’s disease Initiative, EPA Eicosapentaensäure, HTT Huntingtin, IIT „investigator initiated trial“, i.th. intrathekal, i.v. intravenös, MGH Massachusetts General Hospital, NCCIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NMDA N‑Methyl-D-Aspartat, SNP Einzelnukleotidpolymorphismus, UBC University of British Columbia

| Sponsor (Studie) | Agens | Verabreichung | Mechanismus | Allelselektiv | Identifier | Phase |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prilenia (Proof-HD) | Pridopidin | Oral | Oxidativer Stress ↓ BDNF-Spiegel ↑ | – | NCT04556656 | III |
| Hoffmann-La Roche (GENERATION-HD1) | RO7234292 | i.th. | prä-mRNA | Nein | NCT03761849 | III |
| Hoffmann-La Roche (GenExtend) | RO7234292 | i.th. | prä-mRNA | Nein | NCT03842969 | Open-label-Extension |
| Wave Life Sciences (Precision-HD3) | WVE-003 | i.th. | prä-mRNA (SNP3) | Ja | n.n. | I/II |
| uniQure | rAVV5-miRNA (AMT-130) | i.c. | mRNA | Nein | NCT04120493 | I/II |
| Spark/Chop | AAV1-miRNA | i.c. | mRNA | Nein | n.n. | Präklinisch |
| PTC Therapeutics | PTC-518 | Oral | prä-mRNA | Nein | n.n. | Präklinisch |
| Novartis | Branaplam | Oral | prä-mRNA | Nein | n.n. | Präklinisch/I |
| Sangamo/Shire/Takeda | rAAV-ZFP-RD | i.c. | mRNA | Ja | n.n. | Präklinisch |
ASO Antisense-Oligonukleotid, BDNF „brain-derived neurotrophic factor“, i.c. intrazerebral, i.th. intrathekal, HTT Huntingtin, miRNA microRNA, (r)AVV (rekombinanter) Adeno-assoziierter Virusvektor, rAVV-ZFP-RD rAVV mit Zinkfinger-Protein und Repressordomäne, SNP Einzelnukleotidpolymorphismus
