Peter S Kirk1, Kehao Zhu2, Yingye Zheng2, Lisa F Newcomb1,3, Jeannette M Schenk3, James D Brooks4, Peter R Carroll5, Atreya Dash6, William J Ellis1, Christopher P Filson7, Martin E Gleave8, Michael Liss9, Frances Martin10, Jesse K McKenney11, Todd M Morgan12, Peter S Nelson13, Ian M Thompson14, Andrew A Wagner15, Daniel W Lin1,3, John L Gore1. 1. Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. 2. Biostatistics Program, Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. 3. Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. 4. Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, California. 5. Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California. 6. VA Puget Sound Health Care Systems, Seattle, Washington. 7. Department of Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. 8. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 9. Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas. 10. Department of Urology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Virginia Beach, Virginia. 11. Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. 12. Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 13. Division of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. 14. CHRISTUS Medical Center Hospital, San Antonio, Texas. 15. Division of Urology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Maintaining men on active surveillance for prostate cancer can be challenging. Although most men who eventually undergo treatment have experienced clinical progression, a smaller subset elects treatment in the absence of disease reclassification. This study sought to understand factors associated with treatment in a large, contemporary, prospective cohort. METHODS: This study identified 1789 men in the Canary Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance Study cohort enrolled as of 2020 with a median follow-up of 5.6 years. Clinical and demographic data as well as information on patient-reported quality of life and urinary symptoms were used in multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to identify factors associated with the time to treatment RESULTS: Within 4 years of their diagnosis, 33% of men (95% confidence interval [CI], 30%-35%) underwent treatment, and 10% (95% CI, 9%-12%) were treated in the absence of reclassification. The most significant factor associated with any treatment was an increasing Gleason grade group (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 14.5; 95% CI, 11.7-17.9). Urinary quality-of-life scores were associated with treatment without reclassification (aHR comparing "mostly dissatisfied/terrible" with "pleased/mixed," 2.65; 95% CI, 1.54-4.59). In a subset analysis (n = 692), married men, compared with single men, were more likely to undergo treatment in the absence of reclassification (aHR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.04-6.66). CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of men with prostate cancer undergo treatment in the absence of clinical changes in their cancers, and quality-of-life changes and marital status may be important factors in these decisions. LAY SUMMARY: This analysis of men on active surveillance for prostate cancer shows that approximately 1 in 10 men will decide to be treated within 4 years of their diagnosis even if their cancer is stable. These choices may be related in part to quality-or-life or spousal concerns.
BACKGROUND: Maintaining men on active surveillance for prostate cancer can be challenging. Although most men who eventually undergo treatment have experienced clinical progression, a smaller subset elects treatment in the absence of disease reclassification. This study sought to understand factors associated with treatment in a large, contemporary, prospective cohort. METHODS: This study identified 1789 men in the Canary Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance Study cohort enrolled as of 2020 with a median follow-up of 5.6 years. Clinical and demographic data as well as information on patient-reported quality of life and urinary symptoms were used in multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to identify factors associated with the time to treatment RESULTS: Within 4 years of their diagnosis, 33% of men (95% confidence interval [CI], 30%-35%) underwent treatment, and 10% (95% CI, 9%-12%) were treated in the absence of reclassification. The most significant factor associated with any treatment was an increasing Gleason grade group (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 14.5; 95% CI, 11.7-17.9). Urinary quality-of-life scores were associated with treatment without reclassification (aHR comparing "mostly dissatisfied/terrible" with "pleased/mixed," 2.65; 95% CI, 1.54-4.59). In a subset analysis (n = 692), married men, compared with single men, were more likely to undergo treatment in the absence of reclassification (aHR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.04-6.66). CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of men with prostate cancer undergo treatment in the absence of clinical changes in their cancers, and quality-of-life changes and marital status may be important factors in these decisions. LAY SUMMARY: This analysis of men on active surveillance for prostate cancer shows that approximately 1 in 10 men will decide to be treated within 4 years of their diagnosis even if their cancer is stable. These choices may be related in part to quality-or-life or spousal concerns.
Authors: Leonard P Bokhorst; Arnout R Alberts; Antti Rannikko; Riccardo Valdagni; Tom Pickles; Yoshiyuki Kakehi; Chris H Bangma; Monique J Roobol Journal: Eur Urol Date: 2015-06-29 Impact factor: 20.096
Authors: Mieke Van Hemelrijck; Xi Ji; Jozien Helleman; Monique J Roobol; Wim van der Linden; Daan Nieboer; Chris H Bangma; Mark Frydenberg; Antti Rannikko; Lui S Lee; Vincent J Gnanapragasam; Mike W Kattan Journal: Eur Urol Date: 2018-10-29 Impact factor: 20.096
Authors: Matthew R Cooperberg; James D Brooks; Anna V Faino; Lisa F Newcomb; James T Kearns; Peter R Carroll; Atreya Dash; Ruth Etzioni; Michael D Fabrizio; Martin E Gleave; Todd M Morgan; Peter S Nelson; Ian M Thompson; Andrew A Wagner; Daniel W Lin; Yingye Zheng Journal: Eur Urol Date: 2018-02-09 Impact factor: 20.096
Authors: Aaron T Seaman; Kathryn L Taylor; Kimberly Davis; Kenneth G Nepple; John H Lynch; Anthony D Oberle; Ingrid J Hall; Robert J Volk; Heather Schacht Reisinger; Richard M Hoffman Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-11-20 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Jeannette M Schenk; Lisa F Newcomb; Yingye Zheng; Anna V Faino; Kehao Zhu; Yaw A Nyame; James D Brooks; Peter R Carroll; Matthew R Cooperberg; Atreya Dash; Christopher P Filson; Martin E Gleave; Michael Liss; Francis M Martin; Todd M Morgan; Peter S Nelson; Ian M Thompson; Andrew A Wagner; Daniel W Lin Journal: J Urol Date: 2019-10-25 Impact factor: 7.450
Authors: Martin G Sanda; Jeffrey A Cadeddu; Erin Kirkby; Ronald C Chen; Tony Crispino; Joann Fontanarosa; Stephen J Freedland; Kirsten Greene; Laurence H Klotz; Danil V Makarov; Joel B Nelson; George Rodrigues; Howard M Sandler; Mary Ellen Taplin; Jonathan R Treadwell Journal: J Urol Date: 2018-01-10 Impact factor: 7.450
Authors: Lisa F Newcomb; Yingye Zheng; Anna V Faino; Daniella Bianchi-Frias; Matthew R Cooperberg; Marshall D Brown; James D Brooks; Atreya Dash; Michael D Fabrizio; Martin E Gleave; Michael Liss; Todd M Morgan; Ian M Thompson; Andrew A Wagner; Peter R Carroll; Peter S Nelson; Daniel W Lin Journal: Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis Date: 2019-01-21 Impact factor: 5.554
Authors: Adrian J Waisman Malaret; Peter Chang; Kehao Zhu; Yingye Zheng; Lisa F Newcomb; Menghan Liu; Jesse K McKenney; James D Brooks; Peter Carroll; Atreya Dash; Christopher P Filson; Martin E Gleave; Michael Liss; Frances M Martin; Todd M Morgan; Peter S Nelson; Daniel W Lin; Andrew A Wagner Journal: J Urol Date: 2021-12-02 Impact factor: 7.450