Psychotherapy in a resource-constrained setting: Understanding context for adapting and integrating a brief psychological intervention into primary care.

Low- and middle-income countries have few mental health professionals, and efforts to increase access to treatment are a global priority. A key gap is the lack of integration of psychotherapy interventions as a part of accessible evidence-based care. Current recommendations suggest that the integration of mental health treatments, including psychotherapy, into existing primary care pathways may serve as a means to address this disparity. Understanding the cultural and contextual factors that affect this process is a critical step in identifying necessary adaptations. The aim of this qualitative study was to identify contextual factors associated with integrating psychotherapy in primary care in a predominantly rural district in south-central Ethiopia. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 48 mental health service users, caregivers, health care providers, and community leaders. Semistructured interviews were conducted, recorded, and transcribed in Amharic and translated into English. Although challenges (e.g., stigma, job strain, lack of belief in formal treatments) are present, other existing strengths (e.g., openness to seeking treatment, increasing knowledge about mental health treatment, familiarity with practices similar to therapy) support subsequent psychotherapy adaptation and implementation. These findings suggest possible mechanisms to improve delivery and adaptation in the effort to lower the existing global treatment gap. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).