Rachel Reetzke1,2, Ana-Maria Iosif3, Burt Hatch4, Leiana de la Paz5, Annie Chuang5, Sally Ozonoff5, Meghan Miller5. 1. Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA. 2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 3. Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA. 4. Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Victoria, Australia. 5. Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Heightened motor activity is a hallmark of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet high activity levels are also often reported in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is currently unclear whether increased motor activity represents a distinct versus shared early predictor of ASD and ADHD; no prior studies have directly examined this prospectively. We investigated differences in longitudinal patterns of objectively measured motor activity during early development. METHODS: Participants included 113 infants at high and low risk for ASD or ADHD. Continuous motion-based activity was recorded using tri-axial accelerometers at 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age. At 36 months, participants were categorized into one of three outcome groups: ASD (n = 19), ADHD Concerns (n = 17), and Typically Developing (TD; n = 77). Group differences in trajectories of motor activity were examined in structured and semistructured contexts. Associations with behaviors relevant to ASD, ADHD, and general development were also examined. RESULTS: In both structured and semistructured contexts, both the ASD and ADHD Concerns groups exhibited heightened activity relative to the TD group by 18 months; the ASD group exhibited higher activity than the ADHD Concerns group at 24-36 months in the structured context only. Attention/behavior regulation, nonverbal, and verbal development-but not social engagement-were differentially associated with objectively measured activity by outcome group across contexts. CONCLUSIONS: Overactivity may be a shared, rather than distinct, precursor of atypical development in infants/toddlers developing ASD and concerns for ADHD, emerging as early as 18 months. Group differences in overactivity may be context-specific and associated with different underlying mechanisms.
BACKGROUND: Heightened motor activity is a hallmark of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet high activity levels are also often reported in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is currently unclear whether increased motor activity represents a distinct versus shared early predictor of ASD and ADHD; no prior studies have directly examined this prospectively. We investigated differences in longitudinal patterns of objectively measured motor activity during early development. METHODS: Participants included 113 infants at high and low risk for ASD or ADHD. Continuous motion-based activity was recorded using tri-axial accelerometers at 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age. At 36 months, participants were categorized into one of three outcome groups: ASD (n = 19), ADHD Concerns (n = 17), and Typically Developing (TD; n = 77). Group differences in trajectories of motor activity were examined in structured and semistructured contexts. Associations with behaviors relevant to ASD, ADHD, and general development were also examined. RESULTS: In both structured and semistructured contexts, both the ASD and ADHD Concerns groups exhibited heightened activity relative to the TD group by 18 months; the ASD group exhibited higher activity than the ADHD Concerns group at 24-36 months in the structured context only. Attention/behavior regulation, nonverbal, and verbal development-but not social engagement-were differentially associated with objectively measured activity by outcome group across contexts. CONCLUSIONS: Overactivity may be a shared, rather than distinct, precursor of atypical development in infants/toddlers developing ASD and concerns for ADHD, emerging as early as 18 months. Group differences in overactivity may be context-specific and associated with different underlying mechanisms.
Authors: Franco De Crescenzo; Serena Licchelli; Marco Ciabattini; Deny Menghini; Marco Armando; Paolo Alfieri; Luigi Mazzone; Giuseppe Pontrelli; Susanna Livadiotti; Francesca Foti; Digby Quested; Stefano Vicari Journal: Sleep Med Rev Date: 2015-04-23 Impact factor: 11.609
Authors: Daniel Messinger; Gregory S Young; Sally Ozonoff; Karen Dobkins; Alice Carter; Lonnie Zwaigenbaum; Rebecca J Landa; Tony Charman; Wendy L Stone; John N Constantino; Ted Hutman; Leslie J Carver; Susan Bryson; Jana M Iverson; Mark S Strauss; Sally J Rogers; Marian Sigman Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2013-02-08 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Nanda N J Rommelse; Barbara Franke; Hilde M Geurts; Catharina A Hartman; Jan K Buitelaar Journal: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2010-02-11 Impact factor: 4.785
Authors: Elizabeth Shephard; Rachael Bedford; Bosiljka Milosavljevic; Teodora Gliga; Emily J H Jones; Andrew Pickles; Mark H Johnson; Tony Charman Journal: J Child Psychol Psychiatry Date: 2018-07-02 Impact factor: 8.982
Authors: Rachel Reetzke; Vini Singh; Ji Su Hong; Calliope B Holingue; Luther G Kalb; Natasha N Ludwig; Deepa Menon; Danika L Pfeiffer; Rebecca J Landa Journal: Front Psychol Date: 2022-09-06