The V-Localizer for Stereotactic Guidance.

Image-guidance for frame-based stereotaxis is facilitated by incorporating three to four N-localizers or Sturm-Pastyr localizers into a stereotactic frame. An extant frame that incorporates only two N-localizers violates the fundamental principle of the N-localizer, which requires three non-colinear points to define a plane in three-dimensional space. Hence, this two N-localizer configuration is susceptible to error. The present article proposes the V-localizer that comprises multiple diagonal bars to provide four or more non-colinear points to minimize error.