Jung-Il Kim1, Mustafa Zafer Karagozlu2, Hyung-Eun An1, Tae-June Choi1, Yonggu Yeo3, Chang-Bae Kim4. 1. Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea. 2. 3Billion Inc., Seoul, Korea. 3. Conservation and Health Center, Seoul Zoo, Gwacheon, Korea. 4. Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea. evodevo@smu.ac.kr.
Abstract
BACKGROUD: Trichoglossus haematodus is the most popular parrots globally and one of the most bred species in Korea's zoos. However, despite its popularity, there are limited studies on the population genetics of this species. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for T. haematodus. The number of alleles ranged from 6 to 9 (mean 7.9). Null alleles were present in two loci (TH-07 and TH-08). The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.4444 to 1.0000 (mean 0.7000). One locus (TH-08) indicated a significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.005). The mean inbreeding coefficient (FIS) of the 10 loci was positive, suggesting that there is inbreeding in the population. Since the polymorphism information content (PIC) values were more than 0.7 in all loci, all markers developed in this study were classified as informative. The parentage exclusion probabilities considering all loci were higher than 0.99 in all three cases (P1, P2, and P3). The cross-species amplification of the 10 markers was tested in T. moluccanus, a close relative species of T. haematodus. These markers were also informative for T. moluccanus with PIC values higher than 0.7 in all loci. Additionally, the parentage exclusion probabilities (P1, P2 and P3) for T. moluccanus were above 0.99. However, due to the small number of T. haematodus and T. moluccanus investigated in this study, the 10 microsatellite markers should be analyzed with more individuals of these two species in future studies. CONCLUSIONS: The markers developed in this study might be helpful for investigations of genetic diversity and parentage analysis of T. haematodus and T. moluccanus.
BACKGROUD: Trichoglossus haematodus is the most popular parrots globally and one of the most bred species in Korea's zoos. However, despite its popularity, there are limited studies on the population genetics of this species. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for T. haematodus. The number of alleles ranged from 6 to 9 (mean 7.9). Null alleles were present in two loci (TH-07 and TH-08). The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.4444 to 1.0000 (mean 0.7000). One locus (TH-08) indicated a significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.005). The mean inbreeding coefficient (FIS) of the 10 loci was positive, suggesting that there is inbreeding in the population. Since the polymorphism information content (PIC) values were more than 0.7 in all loci, all markers developed in this study were classified as informative. The parentage exclusion probabilities considering all loci were higher than 0.99 in all three cases (P1, P2, and P3). The cross-species amplification of the 10 markers was tested in T. moluccanus, a close relative species of T. haematodus. These markers were also informative for T. moluccanus with PIC values higher than 0.7 in all loci. Additionally, the parentage exclusion probabilities (P1, P2 and P3) for T. moluccanus were above 0.99. However, due to the small number of T. haematodus and T. moluccanus investigated in this study, the 10 microsatellite markers should be analyzed with more individuals of these two species in future studies. CONCLUSIONS: The markers developed in this study might be helpful for investigations of genetic diversity and parentage analysis of T. haematodus and T. moluccanus.