N R C Campbell1, F J He2, F P Cappuccio3, G A MacGregor2. 1. Department of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology and Community Health Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. ncampbel@ucalgary.ca. 2. Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK. 3. University of Warwick, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, Coventry, UK.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: High dietary sodium is estimated to be the leading dietary risk for death attributed to 1.8 million deaths in 2019. There are uniform recommendations to reduce sodium consumption based on evidence that increased dietary sodium is responsible for approximately a third of the prevalence of hypertension, and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials show that sodium reduction lowers blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and total mortality. Nevertheless, there is a perception that the beneficial effect of reducing dietary sodium is controversial. We provide experiential evidence relating to some sources of the controversy and propose potential solutions. RECENT FINDINGS: Inappropriate research methodology, lack of rigor in research, conflicts of interest and commercial bias, questions of professional conduct, and lack of policies to protect public interests are likely to contribute to the controversy about reducing dietary sodium. There is a failure to protect policies to reduce dietary sodium from nonscientific threats. Significant efforts need to be made to ensure the integrity of nutritional research and maintain public trust.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: High dietary sodium is estimated to be the leading dietary risk for death attributed to 1.8 million deaths in 2019. There are uniform recommendations to reduce sodium consumption based on evidence that increased dietary sodium is responsible for approximately a third of the prevalence of hypertension, and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials show that sodium reduction lowers blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and total mortality. Nevertheless, there is a perception that the beneficial effect of reducing dietary sodium is controversial. We provide experiential evidence relating to some sources of the controversy and propose potential solutions. RECENT FINDINGS: Inappropriate research methodology, lack of rigor in research, conflicts of interest and commercial bias, questions of professional conduct, and lack of policies to protect public interests are likely to contribute to the controversy about reducing dietary sodium. There is a failure to protect policies to reduce dietary sodium from nonscientific threats. Significant efforts need to be made to ensure the integrity of nutritional research and maintain public trust.
Entities:
Keywords:
Conflicts of interest; Dietary salt; Dietary sodium; Ethics; Nutrition; Public health policy
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