Jan W van der Scheer1,2, Victoria L Goosey-Tolfrey1, Sydney E Valentino3, Glen M Davis4, Chester H Ho5. 1. Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School for Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK. 2. The Healthcare Improvement Studies (THIS) Institute, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge, CB2 OAH, UK. 3. Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Room IWC EG115, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada. 4. Discipline of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. 5. Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada. chho@ualberta.ca.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to summarize and appraise evidence on functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling exercise after spinal cord injury (SCI), in order to inform the development of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. METHODS: PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL were searched up to April 2021 to identify FES cycling exercise intervention studies including adults with SCI. In order to capture the widest array of evidence available, any outcome measure employed in such studies was considered eligible. Two independent reviewers conducted study eligibility screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal using Cochranes' Risk of Bias or Downs and Black tools. Each study was designated as a Level 1, 2, 3 or 4 study, dependent on study design and quality appraisal scores. The certainty of the evidence for each outcome was assessed using GRADE ratings ('High', 'Moderate', 'Low', or 'Very low'). RESULTS: Ninety-two studies met the eligibility criteria, comprising 999 adults with SCI representing all age, sex, time since injury, lesion level and lesion completeness strata. For muscle health (e.g., muscle mass, fiber type composition), significant improvements were found in 3 out of 4 Level 1-2 studies, and 27 out of 32 Level 3-4 studies (GRADE rating: 'High'). Although lacking Level 1-2 studies, significant improvements were also found in nearly all of 35 Level 3-4 studies on power output and aerobic fitness (e.g., peak power and oxygen uptake during an FES cycling test) (GRADE ratings: 'Low'). CONCLUSION: Current evidence indicates that FES cycling exercise improves lower-body muscle health of adults with SCI, and may increase power output and aerobic fitness. The evidence summarized and appraised in this review can inform the development of the first international, evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the use of FES cycling exercise in clinical and community settings of adults with SCI. Registration review protocol: CRD42018108940 (PROSPERO).
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to summarize and appraise evidence on functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling exercise after spinal cord injury (SCI), in order to inform the development of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. METHODS: PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL were searched up to April 2021 to identify FES cycling exercise intervention studies including adults with SCI. In order to capture the widest array of evidence available, any outcome measure employed in such studies was considered eligible. Two independent reviewers conducted study eligibility screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal using Cochranes' Risk of Bias or Downs and Black tools. Each study was designated as a Level 1, 2, 3 or 4 study, dependent on study design and quality appraisal scores. The certainty of the evidence for each outcome was assessed using GRADE ratings ('High', 'Moderate', 'Low', or 'Very low'). RESULTS: Ninety-two studies met the eligibility criteria, comprising 999 adults with SCI representing all age, sex, time since injury, lesion level and lesion completeness strata. For muscle health (e.g., muscle mass, fiber type composition), significant improvements were found in 3 out of 4 Level 1-2 studies, and 27 out of 32 Level 3-4 studies (GRADE rating: 'High'). Although lacking Level 1-2 studies, significant improvements were also found in nearly all of 35 Level 3-4 studies on power output and aerobic fitness (e.g., peak power and oxygen uptake during an FES cycling test) (GRADE ratings: 'Low'). CONCLUSION: Current evidence indicates that FES cycling exercise improves lower-body muscle health of adults with SCI, and may increase power output and aerobic fitness. The evidence summarized and appraised in this review can inform the development of the first international, evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the use of FES cycling exercise in clinical and community settings of adults with SCI. Registration review protocol: CRD42018108940 (PROSPERO).
Authors: Chester H Ho; Ronald J Triolo; Anastasia L Elias; Kevin L Kilgore; Anthony F DiMarco; Kath Bogie; Albert H Vette; Musa L Audu; Rudi Kobetic; Sarah R Chang; K Ming Chan; Sean Dukelow; Dennis J Bourbeau; Steven W Brose; Kenneth J Gustafson; Zelma H T Kiss; Vivian K Mushahwar Journal: Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am Date: 2014-08 Impact factor: 1.784
Authors: Jan W van der Scheer; Kathleen A Martin Ginis; David S Ditor; Victoria L Goosey-Tolfrey; Audrey L Hicks; Christopher R West; Dalton L Wolfe Journal: Neurology Date: 2017-07-21 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: Jennifer B Scally; Julien S Baker; Jean Rankin; Linda Renfrew; Nicholas Sculthorpe Journal: Mult Scler Relat Disord Date: 2019-10-31 Impact factor: 4.339
Authors: Kathleen A Martin Ginis; Jan W van der Scheer; Amy E Latimer-Cheung; Andy Barrow; Chris Bourne; Peter Carruthers; Marco Bernardi; David S Ditor; Sonja Gaudet; Sonja de Groot; Keith C Hayes; Audrey L Hicks; Christof A Leicht; Jan Lexell; Steven Macaluso; Patricia J Manns; Christopher B McBride; Vanessa K Noonan; Pierre Pomerleau; James H Rimmer; Robert B Shaw; Brett Smith; Karen M Smith; John D Steeves; Dot Tussler; Christopher R West; Dalton L Wolfe; Victoria L Goosey-Tolfrey Journal: Spinal Cord Date: 2017-10-25 Impact factor: 2.772
Authors: Morufu Olusola Ibitoye; Nur Azah Hamzaid; Nazirah Hasnan; Ahmad Khairi Abdul Wahab; Glen M Davis Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-02-09 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Kristen Gelenitis; Kevin Foglyano; Lisa Lombardo; John McDaniel; Ronald Triolo Journal: J Neuroeng Rehabil Date: 2022-08-09 Impact factor: 5.208