| Literature DB >> 34035547 |
Elmar Stickeler1, Bahriye Aktas2, Annika Behrens3, Erik Belleville4, Nina Ditsch5, Peter A Fasching3, Tanja N Fehm6, Andreas D Hartkopf7, Christian Jackisch8, Wolfgang Janni9, Cornelia Kolberg-Liedtke10, Hans-Christian Kolberg11, Diana Lüftner12, Michael P Lux13, Volkmar Müller14, Andreas Schneeweiss15, Florian Schütz16, Carla E Schulmeyer3, Hans Tesch17, Christoph Thomssen18, Christoph Uleer19, Michael Untch20, Manfred Welslau21, Achim Wöckel22, Lena A Wurmthaler3, Rachel Würstlein23, Marc Thill24.
Abstract
This review summarises not only the latest evidence on prevention, but also the current research on the treatment of early-stage breast cancer patients. Recent years have seen a growing body of evidence on the risk of high- and moderate-penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes. A large international consortium has now been able to further refine the answer to the question of the significance of the so-called panel genes. Moreover, the data on treatment selection regarding endocrine efficacy and the decision for or against chemotherapy have also been advanced markedly. There is also new data on adjuvant CDK4/6 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6) inhibitors, which are standard in first-line treatment in patients with metastatic HER2-negative, hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer. For other therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have successfully improved the rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) in neoadjuvant treatment settings for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), there is a growing understanding of the quality of life and side effects. This is especially important in situations where patients could possibly be cured without such a regimen. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).Entities:
Keywords: digital medicine; early breast cancer; immunotherapy; prevention; prognosis; treatment
Year: 2021 PMID: 34035547 PMCID: PMC8137274 DOI: 10.1055/a-1464-0953
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd ISSN: 0016-5751 Impact factor: 2.915
Fig. 1Lifetime risk up to 80 years of age for the eight confirmed risk genes according to 31 .
Table 1 The risk genes studied in over 60 000 breast cancer patients and more than 53 400 healthy controls.
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Breast cancer risk correlation with a p-value < 0.0001
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Fig. 2Kaplan-Meier estimator for event-free survival in the KEYNOTE-522 trial at the third interim analysis (from 63 ).
Table 2 Adverse events of special interest (AESI) in the IMpassion031, NeoTRIP and KEYNOTE-522 trials 64 , 65 , 66 . The illustration is not intended to imply any comparison. The trial populations were quite different, e.g., with more patients without ECOG 0 in the KEYNOTE-522 trial.
| KEYNOTE-355 | NeoTRIP | IMpassion031 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients treated with PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitors | 781 | 138 | 164 |
| % occurrence all grades | % occurrence all grades | ||
| ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; NR: not reported; PD-L1: programmed death-ligand 1 | |||
| Infusion reaction | 16.9 | 8.0 | 10.4 |
| Hypothyroidism | 13.7 | 5.8 | 6.7 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 4.6 | 0.7 | 3.0 |
| Adrenal failure | 2.3 | NR | 0 |
| Hypophysitis/ encephalitis | 1.8 | NR | 0.6 |
| Colitis | 1.7 | 1.5 | 0.6 |
| Hepatitis | 1.4 | 0.7 | 1.2 |
| Pneumonitis | 1.3 | NR | 1.2 |
Fig. 3Change in health-related quality of life (EORTC-QLQC30) 67 .
Fig. 4Change in fatigue subscore (EORTC-QLQC30) 67 .
Table 3 Different assessment methodologies of residual tumour burden regarding prognosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
| Characteristic | Assessment methodology | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| AJCC stage post chemotherapy | Residual Cancer Burden | Neo-Bioscore (formerly CPS-EG) | |
| AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; nCTX: neoadjuvant chemotherapy | |||
| Tumour size prior to nCTX | + | ||
| Nodal status prior to nCTX | + | ||
| Molecular subtype prior to nCTX | + | ||
| Tumour grade prior to nCTX | + | ||
| Tumour size post nCTX | + | + | + |
| Tumour cellularity post nCTX | + | ||
| No. of affected LN post nCTX | + | + | + |
| Size largest LN post nCTX | + | ||
Fig. 5DEfenseCOVID-19 – Registration process and study workflow.
Abb. 1Lebenszeitrisiken bis zum 80. Lebensjahr für die 8 bestätigten Risikogene nach 31 .
Tab. 1 Die in über 60 000 Brustkrebspatientinnen und über 53 400 gesunden Kontrollen untersuchten Risikogene.
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1
Assoziation mit dem Brustkrebsrisiko mit einem p-Wert < 0,0001
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Abb. 2Kaplan-Meier-Schätzer für Event-Free Survival in der KEYNOTE-522-Studie bei der 3. Interimsanalyse (nach 63 ).
Tab. 2 Unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen von speziellem Interesse (AESI) in der IMpassion031, der NeoTRIP und KEYNOTE-522-Studie 64 , 65 , 66 . Die Darstellung soll keinen Vergleich implizieren. Die Studienpopulationen waren durchaus unterschiedlich, z. B. mit mehr Patientinnen ohne ECOG 0 in der KEYNOTE-522-Studie.
| KEYNOTE-355 | NeoTRIP | IMpassion031 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anzahl mit PD-L1/PD-1 Inhibition behandelte Patientinnten | 781 | 138 | 164 |
| % Auftreten alle Grade | % Auftreten alle Grade | ||
| ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; NR: nicht berichtet; PD-L1: programmed death-ligand 1 | |||
| Infusionsreaktion | 16,9 | 8,0 | 10,4 |
| Hypothyreose | 13,7 | 5,8 | 6,7 |
| Hyperthyreose | 4,6 | 0,7 | 3,0 |
| Nebenniereninsuffizienz | 2,3 | NR | 0 |
| Hypophysitis/ Enzephalitis | 1,8 | NR | 0,6 |
| Kolitis | 1,7 | 1,5 | 0,6 |
| Hepatitis | 1,4 | 0,7 | 1,2 |
| Pneumonitis | 1,3 | NR | 1,2 |
Abb. 3Veränderung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität (Health related Quality of Life, EORTC-QLQC30) 67 .
Abb. 4Veränderung des Fatigue Subscores (EORTC-QLQC30) 67 .
Tab. 3 Verschiedene Beurteilungsmethoden der residualen Tumorlast nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie in Bezug auf die Prognose.
| Parameter | Beurteilungsmethode | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| AJCC-Stadium nach Chemotherapie | Residual Cancer Burden | Neo-Bioscore (ehemals CPS-EG) | |
| AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; nCTX: neoadjuvante Chemotherapie | |||
| Tumorgröße vor nCTX | + | ||
| Nodalstatus vor nCTX | + | ||
| molekularer Subtyp vor nCTX | + | ||
| Tumor Grade vor nCTX | + | ||
| Tumorgröße nach nCTX | + | + | + |
| Zellularität des Tumors nach nCTX | + | ||
| Anzahl befallener LK nach nCTX | + | + | + |
| Größe des größten Lymphknotens nach nCTX | + | ||
Abb. 5DEfenseCOVID-19 – Registrierungsprozess und Studienablauf.