| Literature DB >> 33958155 |
Brendan J Guercio1, Gopa Iyer2, Jonathan E Rosenberg3.
Abstract
The hallmark of precision medicine involves tailoring the treatment to the patient and/or tumor-specific biomarkers. Candidate biomarkers in bladder cancer are abundant, but few have been validated in clinical practice. Significant obstacles to precision medicine in bladder cancer include the limited predictive value of candidate biomarkers, lack of standardization in biomarker assessment, heterogeneity in biomarker expression and function, and limited insight into the biologic factors that influence biomarker expression and predictive capacity. This review summarizes key biomarkers explored in bladder cancer and outlines innovative trial designs to approach these obstacles.Entities:
Keywords: Biomarkers; Bladder cancer; Chemotherapy; Immunotherapy; Precision medicine; Targeted therapy; Urothelial carcinoma
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2021 PMID: 33958155 PMCID: PMC8108703 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2021.02.008
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Hematol Oncol Clin North Am ISSN: 0889-8588 Impact factor: 2.861