The family Stratiomyidae in Egypt and Saudi Arabia (Diptera: Stratiomyoidea).

BACKGROUND: This study systematically catalogues all known taxa of the family Stratiomyidae in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. It is one in a series of planned studies aiming to catalogue the whole order in both countries. NEW INFORMATION: Twenty species, belonging to seven genera and three subfamilies (Pachygastrinae, Stratiomyinae and Nemotelinae), are treated. One of these genera, Oplodontha and two species, Oplodontha pulchriceps Loew and Oxycera turcica Üstüner & Hasbenli, are recorded herein for the first time from Saudi Arabia. A lectotype for Nemotelus matrouhensis Mohammad et al., 2009 is designated. An updated classification, synonymies, type localities, world and local distributions, dates of collection and some coloured photographs are provided. Magdi El-Hawagry, Hathal Mohammed Al Dhafer, Mahmoud Abdel-Dayem, Martin Hauser.

Introduction

The is a lower brachycerous Dipteran family, including more than 2650 species classified in 375 genera and 12 subfamilies worldwide (Woodley 2001). Flies of the family , commonly known as soldier-flies, are small to large, ranging from 2 to 28 mm in length, highly varied in shape and colouration, with wings hyaline to variously patterned or infuscated and some species likely mimic wasps and bees in their flight and body colour (Hauser 2008, Hauser et al. 2017b). These flies can be easily distinguished as adults by the following characters: radial veins grouped together anteriorly, ending before tip of the wing; costal vein (C) usually ending well before wing apex and discal cell (d) short, usually forming distinct short, often squarish cell at middle of the wing (Marshall et al. 2017).

Adult soldier-flies can be found sitting on foliage in sunny locations in damp forest habitats, near water or boggy areas and some flies can be found frequenting flowers, particularly those of the subfamily and some of the subfamily (James 1981, Khaghaninia et al. 2015, Hauser et al. 2017b).

Immature stages of soldier-flies can be found in a variety of habitats. Larvae of the subfamilies , and , which have not been represented in Egypt or Saudi Arabia, are usually associated with decaying organic matter, such as leaf litter and rotting fruits. However, larvae of the subfamilies and are aquatic, occurring in slow moving or standing water in rivers, ponds, seepage areas and other transient water sources, with those of the genus Geoffroy, 1762 being remarkably tolerant to high levels of salinity. Larvae of the subfamily can be found under the bark of fallen trees (Rozkošný 1983, Hauser 2008, Hauser et al. 2017b).

Of the 12 subfamilies, seven are recorded in the Palaearctic Region with about 430 species (Woodley 2001). Of these, only three subfamilies (, and ) have been represented in Saudi Arabia and/or Egypt by seven genera comprising 20 species. One of these genera, and two species, Üstüner & Hasbenli and Loew, are recorded herein for the first time from Saudi Arabia. This is not surprising as no previous faunistic or systematic studies on the have been carried out in Saudi Arabia and only two species have been recorded from Saudi Arabia amidst two comprehensive checklists of the Saudi Arabian : El-Hawagry et al. (2017) [ Kertesz] and Abu-Zoherah et al. (1993) [ Lindner]. We think the overall number of Saudi Arabian taxa treated in the present study is still low and does not represent the real fauna of in this country and an extensive faunistic and systematic study on the Saudi Arabian is required. On the other hand, some previous studies have been carried out in Egypt to list the species (Steyskal and El-Bialy 1967) or to study the fauna and/or taxonomy of the family (Lindner 1930, Badrawy 2006, Mohammad et al. 2009), in addition to some miscellaneous studies which described some new species from Egypt (Olivier 1811, Becker 1902, Wiedemann 1830, Lindner 1925, Lindner 1930, Lindner 1937, Lindner 1974).

Egypt and Saudi Arabia are two neighbouring countries in the Middle East, separated by the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea (Fig. 1). Egypt is a transcontinental country as its majority is located in the north-eastern corner of Africa, while its north-eastern extremity, Sinai Peninsula, is located in the south-western corner of Asia. On the other hand, Saudi Arabia is wholly located in the south-western corner of Asia. Both Egypt and Saudi Arabia are biogeographically located at the junction of the Palaearctic and the Afrotropical Regions. The faunal affiliation of the two countries is mainly Palaearctic. Exceptions are Gebel Elba, the south-eastern triangle of Egypt and the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia, south to the Tropic of Cancer, which are considered as having an Afrotropical faunal affiliation (Wallace 1876, Hölzel 1998, El-Hawagry and Gilbert 2014, El-Hawagry et al. 2017).

Figure 1.

A satellite map of Egypt and Saudi Arabia.

This study is one in a series of taxonomic studies on different Egyptian and Saudi Arabian dipteran taxa aiming to catalogue the whole order in the two countries (EL-Hawagry 2015, Al Dhafer and El-Hawagry 2016, El-Hawagry 2017, EL-Hawagry 2018, El-Hawagry et al. 2018, El-Hawagry and Al Dhafer 2019, El-Hawagry et al. 2019, El-Hawagry and Gilbert 2019, El-Hawagry et al. 2020b, El-Hawagry et al. 2020a, El-Hawagry et al. 2021, El-Hawagry and El-Azab 2019).

Materials and methods

Data sources. Data of the present study are obtained from three main sources: 1. Specimens preserved in the Egyptian and Saudi Arabian insect collections and museums, namely: Efflatoun Bey’s collection, Cairo University, Egypt (EFC); Collection of Entomological Society of Egypt (ESEC) and King Saud University Museum of Arthropods, Saudi Arabia (KSMA). 2. Previous studies on the in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. 3. Specimens collected by the authors and their co-workers, especially from Saudi Arabia using both Malaise traps and aerial nets. A great deal of faunistic and taxonomic information, including type species, type localities, Old World synonymies, world and local distributions and collection dates were obtained from relevant literature as well. These sources are listed in the following subsections.

Study area. Egypt and Saudi Arabia, the study area, are two neighbouring countries in the Middle East, separated by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba. They constitute a part of the Great Desert Belt, mainly with an arid desert climate characterised by hot summer and a mild winter (Alsharhan et al. 2001, Nasser et al. 2019).

Ecologists divide Egypt into eight ecological zones: the Coastal Strip, Lower Nile Valley & Delta, Upper Nile Valley, Fayoum, Eastern Desert, Western Desert, Sinai and Gebel Elba (Fig. 1, El-Hawagry and Gilbert 2014). These ecological zones are adopted in the present study in the sections of localities and dates of collection. However, Saudi Arabia is not divided into ecological zones, so ecologists usually adopt the administrative divisions instead. These divisions (also called emirates, regions or provinces) are adopted in the present study, namely: Makkah, Riyadh, Eastern Province, Asir, Jazan, Al-Madinah, Al-Qaseem, Tabuk, Hail, Najran, Al-Jawf, Al-Baha and Northern Frontier (El-Hawagry and Al Dhafer 2019).

Classification. The classification and arrangement of taxa in the present study basically follows that used in Woodley (2001) and subsequent updates by Hauser et al. (2017a).

World distribution. Sources of world distribution of each stratiomyid species are given between square brackets at the end of the list of countries.

Local distribution and dates of collection. Localities within each Egyptian ecological zone or Saudi Arabian administrative region are arranged alphabetically and written after a colon following each zone or region followed by the dates of collection between parentheses; for example, "Coastal Strip: Abu-Kir, Cleopatra, Dekhela (April to September)" and “Tabuk: Tabuk City (May)”. Sources for this distribution are given between square brackets at the end of the section. Coordinates of all Egyptian and Saudi Arabian localities of the family are listed (Table 1). Distribution maps of species were made using SimpleMappr (Shorthouse 2010).

Table 1.

A gazetteer of Egyptian and Saudi Arabian localities of the family .

Country	Locality	Governorate	Ecological zone or Region	Latitude (N)	Longitude (E)
Egypt	Abu-Kir	Alexandria	Coastal Strip	31.22429	33.8256
	Abu-Rawash	Giza	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	30.0438	42.4101
	Abu-Zaabal	Al-Qalyubia	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	30.24098	42.4089
	Alexandria	Alexandria	Coastal Strip	31.2129	42.4089
	Behaira	Behaira	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	30.62189	42.4102
	Benha	Al-Qalyubia	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	30.46572	42.4089
	Beni Sweif	Beni Sweif	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	29.07788	42.4089
	Birket Qaroun	Fayoum	Fayoum	29.40879	42.4124
	Cleopatra	Alexandria	Coastal Strip	31.22022	42.4101
	Dakhla Oasis	New Valley	Western Desert	25.5000	41.3115
	Damietta	Damietta	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	31.34595	41.3115
	Dekhela	Alexandria	Coastal Strip	31.12098	41.3101
	Ein Moussa	South Sinai	Sinai	29.8667	41.3101
	El-Alag	Al-Qalyubia	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	30.18009	42.8348
	El-Arish	North Sinai	Sinai	31.1244	39.8749
	El-Baragil	Giza	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	30.07673	41.4107
	El-Ferdan	Ismailia	Eastern Desert	30.65760	36.6297
	El-Gebel El-Asfar	Al-Qalyubia	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	29.1689	34.1412
	El-Kantara	Ismailia	Eastern Desert	30.79392	34.3836
	El-Marg	Al-Qalyubia	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	31.0667	30.5833
	El-Siala	Alexandria	Coastal Strip	31.20849	30.8180
	El-Tour	South Sinai	Sinai	28.24024	29.1667
	Ezbet El-Nakhl	Al-Qalyubia	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	31.1111	32.6500
	Fayed	Ismailia	Eastern Desert	30.32382	29.8805
	Fayoum	Fayoum	Fayoum	29.32061	32.3008
	Gebel Elba	Red Sea	Gebel Elba	22.2008	30.2167
	Gezeira	Cairo	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	30.04596	34.3836
	Girza	Fayoum	Fayoum	29.49968	34.1412
	Giza	Giza	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	30.01350	31.3333
	Giza-Fayoum Road	Giza	Western Desert	29.85176	31.18121
	Helwan	Cairo	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	29.8500	31.22435
	Hurghada	Red Sea	Eastern Desert	27.2337	30.5833
	Ismailia	Ismailia	Eastern Desert	30.59428	30.8180
	Kerdassa	Giza	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	30.0297	30.48755
	Kharga Oasis	New Valley	Western Desert	25.2500	31.6317
	Khosous	Cairo	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	30.15957	31.1117
	Kosseimah	North Sinai	Sinai	30.90307	30.9898
	Maadi	Cairo	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	29.95772	31.3125
	Mariout	Alexandria	Coastal Strip	31.0172	31.3531
	Max	Alexandria	Coastal Strip	31.1636	30.2167
	Mersa Matrouh	Matrouh	Coastal Strip	29.5696	30.6468
	Moharram Bey	Alexandria	Coastal Strip	31.17796	31.10713
	Moweileh	South Sinai	Sinai	30.3924	30.5833
	Nazla	Fayoum	Fayoum	29.29792	30.5833
	Nubar Bey	Alexandria	Coastal Strip	31.18079	31.2505
	Nuzha (Alex.)	Alexandria	Coastal Strip	31.2001	31.3333
	Quisna	Menofiya	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	30.53514	31.3333
	Ramleh	Alexandria	Coastal Strip	31.2279	30.8180
	Sandoub	Dakahlyia	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	31.00782	30.2167
	Sherbin	Dakahlyia	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	31.19461	31.3333
	Shubra	Al-Qalyoubia	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	30.1012	30.5833
	Siwa Oasis	Matrouh	Western Desert	29.20427	26.4194
	Suez	Suez	Eastern Desert	29.95278	32.3008
	Tanta	Gharbia	Lower Nile Valley & Delta	30.75725	32.3008
	Wadi El-Lega	South Sinai	Sinai	28.5469	32.3008
	Wadi El-Natroun	Behaira	Western Desert	30.3814	29.8157
	Wadi Hebran	South Sinai	Sinai	28.40225	31.3521
	Wadi Hoff	Cairo	Eastern Desert	29.8821	32.3008
	Wadi Watir	South Sinai	Sinai	29.02147	31.3110
	Zaranik	North Sinai	Sinai	31.10345	30.3441
Saudi Arabia	Al-Mekhwa	Al-Mekhwa	Al-Baha	19.798133	30.3441
	Dawmat Al-Jandal	Dawmat Al-Gandal	Al-Jwaf	29.809552	30.8180
	Hassan Ameen farm	Tabouk	Tabouk	28.36661	26.4194
	Jabal Shada al-A’la Nature Reserve	Al-Mekhwa	Al-Baha	19.8429	29.7600
	Jazan	Jazan	Jazan	16.9595	29.7600
	Raydah Nature Reserve	Abha	Asir	18.20525	30.8180

Abbreviations used:

AF, Afrotropical

CSCA, California State Collection of Arthropods, Sacramento, California, USA

EFC, Efflatoun Bey’s collection, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt

ESEC, Collection of Entomological Society of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt

KSMA, King Saud University Museum of Arthropods, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

MCCB, Museum of Community College, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia

OR, Oriental

PA, Palearctic

Checklists

The Catalogue

931D5370-5409-5F83-A6D0-7DB38E012480

33B098FD-8763-51CC-A118-4E3315DFF0E8

Kertsz, 1916

205E6D2F-CE54-5634-BC1A-FC3E58007A8F

https://www.gbif.org/species/1578168

Kertész, 1916: 154. Type species:

Kertsz, 1916

081AA6FB-0EBC-56F1-904D-113D9976E520

https://www.gbif.org/species/1578171

Kertész, 1916: 155. Type locality: Eritrea (Assab) [Assab belongs now to Eritrea not to Ethiopia as written in world catalogues].

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Pohl; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578171; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Hurghada; decimalLatitude: 27.23370; decimalLongitude: 33.8256; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Light trap; eventDate: 9/11-22/1994; Record Level: institutionCode: CSCA

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aldhafer H.M. et al.; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578171; scientificName: ; Location: country: Saudi Arabia; locality: Raydah; decimalLatitude: 18.20525; decimalLongitude: 42.4101; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventDate: 06-07-2014; Record Level: institutionCode: KSMA

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aldhafer H.M. et al.; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578171; scientificName: ; Location: country: Saudi Arabia; locality: Raydah; decimalLatitude: 18.201583; decimalLongitude: 42.4089; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Light trap; eventDate: 02-21-2014; Record Level: institutionCode: KSMA

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aldhafer H.M. et al.; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578171; scientificName: ; Location: country: Saudi Arabia; locality: Raydah; decimalLatitude: 18.201583; decimalLongitude: 42.4089; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Light trap; eventDate: 07-31-2015; Record Level: institutionCode: KSMA

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aldhafer H.M. et al.; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578171; scientificName: ; Location: country: Saudi Arabia; locality: Raydah; decimalLatitude: 18.20525; decimalLongitude: 42.4102; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventDate: 09-05-2015; Record Level: institutionCode: KSMA

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aldhafer H.M. et al.; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578171; scientificName: ; Location: country: Saudi Arabia; locality: Raydah; decimalLatitude: 18.201583; decimalLongitude: 42.4089; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Light trap; eventDate: 09-05-2015; Record Level: institutionCode: KSMA

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aldhafer H.M. et al.; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578171; scientificName: ; Location: country: Saudi Arabia; locality: Raydah; decimalLatitude: 18.201583; decimalLongitude: 42.4089; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 09-05-2015; Record Level: institutionCode: KSMA

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aldhafer H.M. et al.; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578171; scientificName: ; Location: country: Saudi Arabia; locality: Raydah; decimalLatitude: 18.204417; decimalLongitude: 42.4124; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 02-20-2014; Record Level: institutionCode: KSMA

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aldhafer H.M. et al.; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578171; scientificName: ; Location: country: Saudi Arabia; locality: Raydah; decimalLatitude: 18.20525; decimalLongitude: 42.4101; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 06-07-2014; Record Level: institutionCode: KSMA

Distribution

AF: Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia [as “south western part”], Tanzania, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Zimbabwe. PA: Egypt, Israel, Russia, Turkmenistan. [Sources: Lindner (1936), Woodley (2001), Hauser (2008) and El-Hawagry et al. (2017)]

Local distribution and dates of collection (Fig. 2): EGYPT: Eastern Desert: Hurghada (September). Western Desert: Siwa Oasis (August). [Sources: Lindner (1930) and museum material]. SAUDI ARABIA: Asir: Raydah Nature Reserve (February to December). [Sources: El-Hawagry et al. (2017) and collected material]

Figure 2.

Distribution map of Kertész and sp.

Loew, 1857

6900F789-4AEF-5661-9FA8-AA1793F98088

https://www.gbif.org/species/1576881

Loew, 1857: 264. Type species

A5F755C2-AE97-546D-A32C-99D07F4AA224

https://www.gbif.org/species/1576881

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aldhafer H.M. et al.; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1576881; scientificName: ; Location: country: Saudi Arabia; locality: Shada; decimalLatitude: 19.8429; decimalLongitude: 41.3115; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 11-15-2015; Record Level: institutionCode: KSMA

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aldhafer H.M. et al.; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1576881; scientificName: ; Location: country: Saudi Arabia; locality: Shada; decimalLatitude: 19.8429; decimalLongitude: 41.3115; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 05-05-2015; Record Level: institutionCode: KSMA

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aldhafer H.M. et al.; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1576881; scientificName: ; Location: country: Saudi Arabia; locality: Shada; decimalLatitude: 19.8388; decimalLongitude: 41.3101; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 11-15-2015; Record Level: institutionCode: KSMA

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aldhafer H.M. et al.; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1576881; scientificName: ; Location: country: Saudi Arabia; locality: Shada; decimalLatitude: 19.8388; decimalLongitude: 41.3101; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Light trap; eventDate: 09-02-2015; Record Level: institutionCode: KSMA

The genus is widely distributed all over the African continent (Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde Islands, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda and Zimbabwe. [Sources: Woodley (2001)]

Distribution of : AF: Kenya, Saudi Arabia [as “south western part”], Yemen.

Local distribution and dates of collection (Fig. 2): SAUDI ARABIA: Al-Baha: Jabal Shada al-A’la Nature Reserve (May to November). Asir: Raydah Nature Reserve (June). [Sources: El-Hawagry et al. (2017) and collected material]

Notes

El-Hawagry et al. (2017) reported this species as sp. and further research indicated that this is an undescribed species (Fig. 3). As we do not have a male specimen available, we are not yet describing this species here. According the generic key in Hauser et al. (2017b), the difference between and is the colour of the last antennal segment, but further studies indicate that is characterised by the dichoptic male eyes and a very long last antennal segment. The two genera are widely distributed through Africa and the Oriental Region and a more thorough revision is needed to clarify the limits of the genera and which species should be included in each genus. Material of this undescribed species are known from Yemen and Kenya.

Figure 3.

sp.: A. female habitus, lateral; B. same, dorsal.

E60C20CF-65A2-5F7A-ACC7-14B58E3F4B2B

6E494BD5-9091-5FF6-BD63-9B9851B9821F

Meigen, 1803

4E5455B3-8E70-55AA-B7C3-DA5E5E3CD962

https://www.gbif.org/species/1577931

Meigen, 1803: 265. Type species:

(Lindner, 1974)

68A7407C-36A4-5310-B2AE-27ACC7656E2C

https://www.gbif.org/species/5078177

Lindner, 1974: 103. Type locality: Egypt (Sinai Mountains: Wadi Watir) [Wadi Watir is located in Sinai, Egypt, not in Israel as given in world catalogues].

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/5078177; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Wadi Watir; decimalLatitude: 29.02147; decimalLongitude: 34.6731; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 09-06-1941; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

PA: Egypt. [Sources: Furth (1983), Woodley (2001) and Badrawy (2006)]

Local distribution and dates of collection (Fig. 4): EGYPT: Sinai: Wadi El-Lega, Wadi Watir (Ain Fortaga) (September to November). [Sources: original description (Lindner 1974) and museum material]

Figure 4.

Distribution map of (Lindner) and Üstüner & Hasbenli.

Üstüner & Hasbenli, 2005

3D828CE0-4966-5794-9AB6-159D8DBE9D5A

https://www.gbif.org/species/5078139

Üstüner & Hasbenli, 2005: 163. Type locality: Turkey (Sivas: Sarkisla, Karacaören Village).

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: El-Hawagry; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/5078139; scientificName: ; Location: country: Saudi Arabia; locality: Al-Mekhwa; decimalLatitude: 19.798133; decimalLongitude: 41.4107; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 03-15-2012; Record Level: institutionCode: MCCB

PA: Saudi Arabia, Turkey. [Sources: Woodley (2011) and collected material]

Local distribution and dates of collection (Fig. 4): SAUDI ARABIA: Al-Baha: Al-Mekhwa (March). [Source: collected material]

This species is recorded herein for the first time from Saudi Arabia.

EC102921-A038-53EC-80F2-0CF9A9A17449

Meigen, 1803

E15F2AE8-41FF-5252-9A3E-00AA2DA9CAB8

https://www.gbif.org/species/1580809

Meigen, 1803: 265. Type species:

(Panzer, 1798)

DC32212A-8253-58EF-B199-38CBA0008E8A

https://www.gbif.org/species/1581104

Panzer, 1798: 19. Type locality: Germany (Nürnberg).

Panzer, 1798: 24. Type locality: Germany (Nürnberg).

Meigen, 1822: 147. Type locality: Europe.

Macquart, 1834: 248. Type locality: France.

Loew, 1840: 25. Type locality: Poland (Poznañ).

Loew, 1840: 557. Type locality: Poland (Poznañ). Preoccupied, primary homonym of

Zetterstedt, 1842: 139. Type locality: Sweden (Gotland: Ejsta). Preoccupied, primary homonym of

Loew, 1846: 486. Type locality: Turkey (Makri) and Italy (Sicily: Siracusa).

Kertész, 1908: 74. Unjustified emendation of

PA: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, England, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy including Sardinia, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UAE, former Yugoslavia. [Sources: Woodley (2001), Mason et al. (2009), Hauser (2014) and Yimlahi et al. (2017)]

Local distribution and dates of collection: Unknown.

This species was listed by Steyskal and El-Bialy (1967), Woodley (2001) and Badrawy (2006) as recorded from Egypt, but no specimens have been collected or preserved in Egyptian museums to confirm these records.

Olivier, 1811

2D7491E4-4962-5031-9DA8-1A82AB6A75FD

https://www.gbif.org/species/7863197

Olivier, 1811: 432. Type locality: Egypt (borders of the Nile [as “bords du Nil”]).

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/7863197; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Moweileh; decimalLatitude: 30.3924; decimalLongitude: 34.1412; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: Sept.1924; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/7863197; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Kosseima; decimalLatitude: 30.90307; decimalLongitude: 34.3836; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 09-10-1924; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/7863197; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Kharga Oasis; decimalLatitude: 25.25; decimalLongitude: 30.5833; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: Oct.1924; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/7863197; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Fayoum; decimalLatitude: 29.32061; decimalLongitude: 30.818; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: Sept.1924; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/7863197; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Alexandria; decimalLatitude: 31.2129; decimalLongitude: 29.9726; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 07-04-1920; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/7863197; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Nuzha; decimalLatitude: 31.2001; decimalLongitude: 29.9436; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 05-07-1921; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/7863197; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Nuzha; decimalLatitude: 31.2001; decimalLongitude: 29.9436; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 07-18-1921; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 2 females; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/7863197; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Cleopatra; decimalLatitude: 31.22021; decimalLongitude: 29.9348; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 07-10-1921; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/7863197; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Cleopatra; decimalLatitude: 31.22021; decimalLongitude: 29.9348; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 07-22-1921; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/7863197; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Cleopatra; decimalLatitude: 31.22021; decimalLongitude: 29.9348; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 08-01-1921; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/7863197; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Fayed; decimalLatitude: 30.32382; decimalLongitude: 32.3008; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 09-24-1925; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/7863197; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Fayed; decimalLatitude: 30.32382; decimalLongitude: 32.3008; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 10-20-1925; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 2 females; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/7863197; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Wadi El-Natroun; decimalLatitude: 30.3814; decimalLongitude: 30.3441; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 08-06-1929; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

PA: Egypt. [Sources: Lindner (1936), Woodley (2001) and Badrawy (2006)]

Local distribution and dates of collection (Fig. 5): EGYPT: Coastal Strip: Alexandria, Cleopatra, Mariout, Max, Nuzha (May and August). Eastern Desert: Fayed (September). Fayoum: Fayoum City (September). Lower Nile Valley: El-Baragil (April). Sinai: Kosseimah, Moweileh (September). Western Desert: Kharga Oasis, Wadi El-Natroun (August to October). [Sources: original description (Olivier 1811), Badrawy (2006) and museum material]

Figure 5.

Distribution map of Olivier and Bezzi.

Bezzi, 1906

2FC4B24A-43C0-510A-953E-49D8BC43F870

https://www.gbif.org/species/1581000

Bezzi, 1906: 225. Type locality: Eritrea (Adi Ugri) [Adi Ugri belongs now to Eritrea not to Ethiopia as written in world catalogues].

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: M.Tewfik; sex: 1 male, 3 females; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1581000; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Gebel Ela; decimalLatitude: 22.2008; decimalLongitude: 36.3331; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: Apr 1928; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

AF: Eritrea, Malawi, Oman, Yemen (this is the first time this species has been recorded from Oman and Yemen). PA: Egypt, Israel. [Sources: original description (Bezzi 1906), Woodley (2001) and collected material from Yemen and Oman]

Local distribution and dates of collection (Fig. 5): EGYPT: Gebel Elba: ? (April). Sinai: El-Tour, Wadi Hebran (May to July). [Source: Lindner (1930), Lindner (1974) and museum material]

Rondani, 1863

8AAE7DD9-5859-5413-A56C-050816A7C31E

https://www.gbif.org/species/1577328

Rondani, 1863: 78. Type species:

Fabricius, 1794

7F02B74F-4E16-588A-8469-8893168BA54B

https://www.gbif.org/species/1577386

Fabricius, 1794: 268. Type locality: India (Tranquebar).

Fabricius, 1794: 271. Type locality: India (Tranquebar).

Turton, 1801: 631. New name for

Turton, 1801: 655. New name for

Brunetti, 1907: 119. Type locality: India (Uttar Pradesh: Bareilly).

Brunetti, 1907: 128. Nomen nudum.

Brunetti, 1907: 129. Type locality: India (Calcutta).

Brunetti, 1907: 130. Type locality: India (Siliguri, Calcutta and Tollygunge).

Lindner, 1925: 150. Type locality: Egypt (Khârga Oasis and Dakhla Oasis).

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1577386; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Dakhla Oasis; decimalLatitude: 25.5; decimalLongitude: 29.1667; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 05-13-2018; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1577386; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Ein Moussa; decimalLatitude: 29.8667; decimalLongitude: 32.65; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 09-20-1924; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Storey; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1577386; scientificName: as ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Kharga Oasis; decimalLatitude: 25.25; decimalLongitude: 30.5833; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 05-10-1918; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1577386; scientificName: as ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Kharga Oasis; decimalLatitude: 25.25; decimalLongitude: 30.5833; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 06-12-1918; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

AF: Socotra Island, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. OR: India, Sri Lanka. PA: Afghanistan, Egypt, Israel. [Sources: original description of (Lindner 1925), Woodley (2001) and Tkoč and Rozkošný (2014)]

Local distribution and dates of collection (Fig. 6): EGYPT: Eastern Desert: Ein Moussa (September). Western Desert: Dakhla Oasis, Kharga Oasis (May and June). [Sources: Lindner (1925), Lindner (1930) and museum material]

Figure 6.

Distribution map of Fabricius and Loew.

Loew, 1858

3A60294B-A809-53E8-9EB9-788A7EF5F301

https://www.gbif.org/species/1577339

Loew, 1858: 335. Type locality: South Africa (Cape of Good Hope).

Loew, 1860: 80. Type locality: South Africa (Cape of Good Hope). Preoccupied, primary homonym of

Lindner, 1936: 42. Type locality: Madagascar (Bekily).

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aldhafer H.M. et al.; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1577339; scientificName: ; Location: country: Saudi Arabia; locality: Jazan; decimalLatitude: 16.9595; decimalLongitude: 42.8348; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 05-11-2018; Record Level: institutionCode: KSMA

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aldhafer H.M. et al.; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1577339; scientificName: ; Location: country: Saudi Arabia; locality: Dawmat Al-Jandal; decimalLatitude: 29.809552; decimalLongitude: 39.8749; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 05-26-2018; Record Level: institutionCode: KSMA

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aldhafer H.M. et al.; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1577339; scientificName: ; Location: country: Saudi Arabia; locality: Hassan Ameen farm; decimalLatitude: 28.36661; decimalLongitude: 36.6297; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventDate: 05-27-2018; Record Level: institutionCode: KSMA

AF: Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mozambique, Saudi Arabia [as “south western part"], South Africa, United Arab Emirates. PA: Israel, Saudi Arabia [Jawf and Tabouk]. [Sources: Woodley (2001), Hauser (2008) and collected material]

Local distribution and dates of collection (Fig. 6): SAUDI ARABIA: Al-Jawf: Dawmat Al-Jandal (May). Jazan: Jazan (May). Tabouk: Hassan Ameen farm (May). [Source: collected material]

This species (Fig. 7) and the genus are recorded herein for the first time from Saudi Arabia. It looks similar to Fabricius; however, this case requires more clarification in a future study.

Figure 7.

Loew: A. female habitus, lateral; B. same, dorsal; C. male habitus, lateral.

Geoffroy, 1762

8AB342A4-CA7D-5E19-B448-513C3B81C41C

https://www.gbif.org/species/1501902

Geoffroy, 1762: 449, 475. Type species:

Meigen, 1822

FAACD0CB-FF58-5ABC-A724-35427CE6C111

https://www.gbif.org/species/1577708

Meigen, 1822: 136. Type locality: France (Mont Cenis).

Loew, 1846: 464. Type locality: Italy (Sicily: Siracusa).

Pleske, 1901: 364. Type locality: “Transcaspian Region” [probably = Turkmenistan].

Pleske, 1902: 413. Type locality: Cyprus (Lárnax).

Villeneuve, 1911: 4. Type locality: Syria (near “lac de Homs”).

James, 1941: 18. Type locality: Iran (Curum, 100 km from Bouchir).

PA: Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. [Sources: Woodley (2001) and Yimlahi et al. (2017)]

Local distribution and dates of collection: Unknown.

This species was listed by Woodley (2001), Badrawy (2006) and Yimlahi et al. (2017) as recorded from Egypt, but no specimens have been collected or preserved in Egyptian museums to verify these records.

Lindner, 1930

F948E65B-43AB-5508-B4DB-AF868AB059B2

https://www.gbif.org/species/4293811

Lindner, 1930: 27. Type locality: Egypt (Siwa Oasis).

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/4293811; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Kharga Oasis; decimalLatitude: 25.2500; decimalLongitude: 30.5833; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 08-12-1926; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/4293811; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Mariout; decimalLatitude: 31.0172; decimalLongitude: 29.76; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: Jul 1934; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

PA: Egypt, Saudi Arabia. [Sources: original description (Lindner 1930), Abu-Zoherah et al. (1993) and Woodley (2001)]

Local distribution and dates of collection (Fig. 8): EGYPT: Coastal Strip: Mariout (July). Western Desert: Kharga Oasis, Siwa Oasis (February to August) [Sources: Original description (Lindner 1930) and museum material]. SAUDI ARABIA: localities and dates unknown. [Sources: Abu-Zoherah et al. (1993)]

Figure 8.

Distribution map of Lindner and (Scopoli).

(Scopoli, 1763)

4129030C-6E96-52DF-A33B-DD25BBBD46C9

https://www.gbif.org/species/1577660

Scopoli, 1763: 367. Type locality: “Carniola” [= Slovenija?].

Harris, 1778: 45. Type locality: England.

Fabricius, 1781: 417. Type locality: Italy.

Schrank, 1803: 94. Type locality: Germany (Ingolstadt).

Meigen, 1804: 124. Type locality: Europe.

Meigen, 1804: 125. Type locality: Europe.

Fabricius, 1805: 79. Type locality: France.

Meigen, 1830: 347. Type locality: Europe.

Wiedemann, 1830: 60. Type locality: Egypt.

Macquart, 1838: 179. Type locality: “Mesopotamie” [= Iraq].

Loew, 1840: 25. Type locality: Poland (Poznañ).

Loew, 1840: 557. Type locality: Poland (Poznañ). Preoccupied, primary homonym of

Bigot, 1879: 212. Type locality: Algeria (Lambessa).

Costa, 1893: 21. Type locality: Tunisia.

Wagner, 1903: 108. Type locality: Uzbekistan (Fergana).

Becker, 1906: 8. Type locality: Tunisia (vicinity of Tunis).

Lindner, 1925: 148. Type locality: Egypt (Giza).

Séguy, 1930: 63. Type locality: Algeria (Touggourt).

Séguy, 1932: 125. Type locality: Algeria (Touggourt). Preoccupied, secondary homonym of

Lindner, 1937: 64. Type locality: Israel (Upper-Galilee, Kfar-Giladi).

Lindner, 1940: 24. Type locality: China (Shanxi Province: “Ta-tong-fou”). Preoccupied, primary homonym of

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1577660; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Siala; decimalLatitude: 31.20849; decimalLongitude: 29.8805; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: Nov 1913; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1577660; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Fayed; decimalLatitude: 30.32382; decimalLongitude: 32.3008; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: Oct 1924; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1577660; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Marg; decimalLatitude: 31.0667; decimalLongitude: 30.2167; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 03-24-1918; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1577660; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Kosseima; decimalLatitude: 30.90307; decimalLongitude: 34.3836; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: Aug 1924; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1577660; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Moweileh; decimalLatitude: 30.3924; decimalLongitude: 34.1412; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 08-21-1924; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1577660; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Helwan; decimalLatitude: 29.8500; decimalLongitude: 31.3333; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 11-25-1913; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1577660; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Benha; decimalLatitude: 30.46572; decimalLongitude: 31.18121; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 05-09-1918; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1577660; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Gezeira; decimalLatitude: 30.04596; decimalLongitude: 31.22435; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 09-21-1917; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1577660; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Kharga Oasis; decimalLatitude: 25.25; decimalLongitude: 30.5833; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 01-03-1914; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

PA: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy including Sardinia, Korea, Lithuania, Malta, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Scotland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, former Yugoslavia. [Sources: Woodley (2001), Mason et al. (2009) and Yimlahi et al. (2017)]

Local distribution and dates of collection (Fig. 8): EGYPT: Coastal Strip: El-Siala, Cleopatra, Dekhela, Nuzha (April to November). Eastern Desert: Fayed (October). Fayoum: Fayoum City, Nazla, Sanhur (April, May and September). Lower Nile Valley and Delta: Abu-Rawash, Benha, Faraskour, Gezeira, Giza, Helwan, Kerdassa, Marg, Sandoub, Shubra (March to November). Sinai: El-Arish, Kosseimah, Moweileh (April and August). Western Desert: Kharga Oasis, Siwa Oasis (January and May). [Sources: Lindner (1925) and museum material]

(Harris, 1776)

331107BE-392C-566A-A150-01AE52A595BC

https://www.gbif.org/species/4293822

Harris, 1778: 45. Type locality: England.

Fabricius, 1794: 264. Type locality: Germany.

Fallén, 1817: 7. Type locality: Sweden.

Meigen, 1822: 138. Type locality: Europe.

Siebke, 1863: 149. Type locality: Norway (Dovre Mountains: Jerkin). Preoccupied, primary homonym of

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/4293822; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Fayoum; decimalLatitude: 29.32061; decimalLongitude: 30.818; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 03-01-1947; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 2 males; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/4293822; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Girza; decimalLatitude: 29.49968; decimalLongitude: 31.0738; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 04-09-1950; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/4293822; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Abu-Zaabal; decimalLatitude: 30.24098; decimalLongitude: 31.35211; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 03-19-1950; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

PA: Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, England, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. [Sources: Woodley (2001) and Badrawy (2006)]

Local distribution and dates of collection (Fig. 9): EGYPT: Fayoum: Fayoum City, Girza (March and April). Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Abu-Zaabal (March). [Source: Badrawy (2006) and museum material]

Figure 9.

Distribution map of (Harris) and Loew.

2ABD0C30-4A87-5082-B24B-69C3CF321C1A

Geoffroy, 1762

49710B4B-7BC2-5B6B-A8E6-E4102126E652

https://www.gbif.org/species/1501964

Geoffroy, 1762: 450, 542. Type species:

Geoffroy, 1762

059ED454-0BEF-53E2-A1DF-D786D1F51441

Loew, 1846

4D1316EF-9C6F-5EC9-BE6E-C597F3125FD4

https://www.gbif.org/species/1578822

Loew, 1846: 429. Type locality: Italy (Sicily: Siracusa).

Jaennicke, 1866: 224. Type locality: Italy (Sicily).

Pleske in Lindner, 1937: 137. Type locality: Iran (Irak-Adzhemi: Buyun Village).

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 32 males, 5 females; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578822; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Fayoum; decimalLatitude: 29.32061; decimalLongitude: 30.818; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 03-01-1947; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

PA: Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Italy (including Sicily and Sardinia), Malta, Russia, Tunisia. [Sources: Woodley (2001), Mason et al. (2009) and Mohammad et al. (2009)]

Local distribution and dates of collection (Fig. 9): EGYPT: Fayoum: ? (March). [Source: Mohammad et al. (2009)]

Becker, 1906

D2323DD6-1BD1-51F5-B458-C7959CF4432A

https://www.gbif.org/species/1578675

Becker, 1906: 4. Type locality: Algeria (Biskra: Hammam-Salahin).

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 4 males, 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578675; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Wadi El-Natroun; decimalLatitude: 30.3814; decimalLongitude: 30.3441; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 08-06-1929; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

PA: Algeria, Egypt. [Sources: Woodley (2001) and Mohammad et al. (2009)]

Local distribution and dates of collection (Fig. 10): EGYPT: Coastal Strip: Dekhela (May and September). Western Desert: Wadi El-Natroun (August). [Source: Mohammad et al. (2009)]

Figure 10.

Distribution map of Becker and Becker.

Becker, 1902

CA086D1F-AD03-5D5E-8BB4-6CD0A066026E

https://www.gbif.org/species/1578829

Becker, 1902: 7. Type localities: Egypt (Birket Qaroun, Damietta and Alexandria).

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578829; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Maadi; decimalLatitude: 29.95772; decimalLongitude: 31.2505; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 06-05-1916; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578829; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Helwan; decimalLatitude: 29.8500; decimalLongitude: 31.3333; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 02-11-1924; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578829; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Helwan; decimalLatitude: 29.8500; decimalLongitude: 31.3333; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 02-12-1924; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 2 males, 2 females; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578829; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Fayoum; decimalLatitude: 29.32061; decimalLongitude: 30.818; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 03-01-1947; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578829; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Marg; decimalLatitude: 31.0667; decimalLongitude: 30.2167; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 04-01-1923; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578829; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Helwan; decimalLatitude: 29.8500; decimalLongitude: 31.3333; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 04-02-1939; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 2 males; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578829; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Kharga Oasis; decimalLatitude: 25.2500; decimalLongitude: 30.5833; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 03-13-1932; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 2 males; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578829; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Mirsa Matrouh; decimalLatitude: 29.5696; decimalLongitude: 26.4194; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 05-08-1935; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Tewfik; sex: 2 males, 2 females; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578829; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Ismaila; decimalLatitude: 30.32382; decimalLongitude: 32.3008; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 04-07-1924; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 2 females; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578829; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Ismaila; decimalLatitude: 30.32382; decimalLongitude: 32.3008; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 10-14-1926; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 2 males; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578829; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Ismaila; decimalLatitude: 30.32382; decimalLongitude: 32.3008; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 10-14-1926; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578829; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Dekhela; decimalLatitude: 31.12098; decimalLongitude: 29.8157; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: May-April 1923; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578829; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Abu-Zaabal; decimalLatitude: 30.24098; decimalLongitude: 31.3521; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 03-19-1950; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

PA: Egypt. [Source: Woodley (2001)]

Local distribution and dates of collection (Fig. 10): EGYPT: Coastal Strip: Alexandria, Dekhela, Mariout, Mersa Matrouh (March to May). Eastern Desert: Ismailia, El-Kantara (April, May & October). Fayoum: Birket Qaroun, El-Athar [(April & May). Lower Nile Valley and Delta: Abu-Zaabal, Damietta, El-Alag to Marg, El-Gabal El-Asfar, Ezbet El-Nakhl, Helwan, Maadi (February to April & November). Western Desert: Kharga Oasis, Wadi El-Natroun (March). [Sources: original description Becker (1902), Lindner (1925), Mohammad et al. (2009) and museum material]

Becker, 1902

E9E34996-28CE-5C91-9FA0-B7D217AF6AF6

https://www.gbif.org/species/1578792

Becker, 1902: 9. Type locality: Egypt (Suez, at the seashore).

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578792; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Fayed; decimalLatitude: 30.32382; decimalLongitude: 32.3008; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 09-24-1925; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578792; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Wadi Hoff; decimalLatitude: 29.8821; decimalLongitude: 31.311; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 08-09-1927; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578792; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Wadi El-Natroun; decimalLatitude: 30.3814; decimalLongitude: 30.3441; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 08-06-1929; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

PA: Egypt. [Source: original description Becker (1902) and Woodley (2001)]

Local distribution and dates of collection (Fig. 11): EGYPT: Eastern Desert: El-Ferdan, Fayed, Ismailia, Suez, Wadi Hoff (April to October). Western Desert: Wadi El Natroun (August). [Sources: original description (Becker 1902), Mohammad et al. (2009) and museum material]

Figure 11.

Distribution map of Becker and Mohammad et al.

Mohammad et al., 2009

2097C6B9-034B-5F2F-B299-255920000E98

Mohammad, Fadl, Gadalla & Badrawy, 2009: 103. Type locality: Egypt (Mersa Matrouh).

Type status: Lectotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: H.C.E & M.T.; sex: male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Mersa Matrouh; decimalLatitude: 29.5696; decimalLongitude: 26.4194; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: July & Aug 1931; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

PA: Egypt. [Source: Woodley (2001)]

Local distribution and dates of collection (Fig. 11): EGYPT: Coastal Strip: Mersa Matrouh (July and August). [Source: original description (Mohammad et al. (2009)]

Mohammad et al. (2009) published this species and inaccurately cited 13 males and 8 females as "holotype". They did not explicitly select a single specimen as holotype, so all cited specimens are considered as syntypes and a lectotype should be designated. As the illustration of the male genitalia was made from an intact specimen and did not show all the important structures, we are providing an illustration of dissected genitalia (Fig. 12) and a habitus photograph of the specimen (Fig. 13). When one of us (MH) requested a specimen, we were told that this would be a paratype, but because the specimen had no identification or type label at all, a red label was generated and attached to this specimen. This label reads: Paratype ♂/ / det.: Haitham Badrawy 2009. However, now it is clear that none of the specimens had identification labels and also that this was not a paratype, but a syntype. The male genitalia resemble Egger, 1859 and Loew, 1871. Lectotype designation: a male specimen in EFC is herein designated as lectotype and is labelled: Mirsa Matruh, July & Aug 1931 (leg. H.C.E. & M.T.), with a red lectotype label. Paralectotypes: 12 males and 8 females, same data.

Figure 12.

Mohammad et al.: A. Male terminalia, dorsal view; B. Phallic complex, dorsal view; C. same, lateral view.

Figure 13.

Mohammad et al.: A. Male habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head and thorax, frontolateral view; D. Male habitus, lateral view.

Olivier, 1811

E355FEE9-6CA4-509F-B3B7-A142D0634414

https://www.gbif.org/species/1578794

Olivier, 1811: 183. Type locality: Egypt.

Olivier, 1811: 183. Type locality: Egypt (“bords du Nil & des canaux qui en dérivent”). Preoccupied by

Becker, 1902: 9. Type locality: Egypt (Alexandria).

Becker, 1906: 6. Type locality: Algeria (Biskra).

Lindner, 1974: 95. Type locality: Israel (Arava Valley: Hazeva).

Woodley 2001. Replacement name for

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578794; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Fayoum City; decimalLatitude: 29.32061; decimalLongitude: 30.818; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 05-12-1918; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578794; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Beheira; decimalLatitude: 30.62189; decimalLongitude: 30.48755; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: Apr 1924; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578794; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Damietta; decimalLatitude: 31.34595; decimalLongitude: 31.6317; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 05-11-1918; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578794; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Quisna; decimalLatitude: 30.53514; decimalLongitude: 31.1117; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: Mar 1924; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Tewfik; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578794; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Mariout; decimalLatitude: 31.0172; decimalLongitude: 29.76; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 07-09-1927; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 4 males, 11 females; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578794; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Mariout (Mallaha); decimalLatitude: 31.0172; decimalLongitude: 29.76; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 06-16-1929; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 2 males; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578794; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Fayoum City; decimalLatitude: 29.32061; decimalLongitude: 30.818; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 04-23-1943; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 2 females; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578794; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Fayoum City; decimalLatitude: 29.32061; decimalLongitude: 30.818; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 04-20-1945; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578794; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Giza-Fayoum Road; decimalLatitude: 29.5564; decimalLongitude: 30.8869; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 04-14-1947; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Farag; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578794; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Helwan; decimalLatitude: 29.8500; decimalLongitude: 31.3333; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 04-08-1934; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Farag; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578794; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Helwan; decimalLatitude: 29.8500; decimalLongitude: 31.3333; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 04-14-1934; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Farag; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578794; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Helwan; decimalLatitude: 29.8500; decimalLongitude: 31.3333; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 04-24-1934; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Farag; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578794; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: WadiHoff; decimalLatitude: 29.8821; decimalLongitude: 31.311; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 04-04-1930; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578794; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Ramleh; decimalLatitude: 31.2279; decimalLongitude: 29.976; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 09-17-1921; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578794; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Dekhela; decimalLatitude: 31.12098; decimalLongitude: 29.8156; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 06-24-1926; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H.C.E & M.T.; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578794; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Dekhela; decimalLatitude: 31.12098; decimalLongitude: 29.8156; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 06-24-1926; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578794; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Dekhela; decimalLatitude: 31.12098; decimalLongitude: 29.8156; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 06-18-1929; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578794; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Ismaila; decimalLatitude: 30.32382; decimalLongitude: 32.3008; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 10-14-1926; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

AF: United Arab Emirates. PA: Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Italy (Sardinia), Tunisia. [Sources: Woodley (2001), Mason et al. (2009) and Hauser (2008)]

Local distribution and dates of collection (Fig. 14): EGYPT: Coastal Strip: Alexandria, Dekhela, Mariout (Mallaha), Ramleh (May to September). Eastern Desert: Fayed, Ismailia, Wadi Hoff (April, May and October). Fayoum: Fayoum City, Giza-Fayoum Road (April and May). Lower Nile Valley and Delta: Beheira, Damietta, Helwan, Quisna, Sherbin (March to September). Sinai: Zaranik Protectorate (April). [Sources: original description of (Becker 1902, Mohammad et al. (2009) and museum material]

Figure 14.

Distribution map of Olivier and Zetterstedt.

Zetterstedt, 1842

B981BA33-3E05-57CF-B384-522534F45E6C

https://www.gbif.org/species/1578742

Zetterstedt, 1842: 148. Type locality: Denmark (Copenhagen).

Loew, 1846: 443. Type locality: Croatia (as “Dalmatien”).

A. Costa, 1884: 61. Type locality: Italy (Sardinia: Stagno di Caliari).

Verhoeff, 1891: 3. Type locality: Germany (Insel Norderney).

Becker, 1902: 8. Type locality: Egypt (Alexandria).

Lindner, 1925: 146. Type locality: Egypt (Alexandria: Nuzha, Cleopatra, Moharrem Bey, and Aboukir).

Szilády, 1932: 33. Type locality: Germany (Borkum).

Lindner, 1937: 121. Type locality: Spain (Balearic Islands).

Lindner, 1937: 147. Type locality: Spain (Andalucía: Algeciras).

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578742; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Tanta; decimalLatitude: 30.75725; decimalLongitude: 30.9898; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 05-11-1918; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578742; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Khusus; decimalLatitude: 30.15957; decimalLongitude: 31.3125; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: Apr 1918; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578742; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Alag; decimalLatitude: 30.18009; decimalLongitude: 31.3521; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: Nov 1924; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578742; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Marg; decimalLatitude: 31.0667; decimalLongitude: 30.2167; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: Mar 1918; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578742; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: El-Mahareeq (Kharga); decimalLatitude: 25.618206; decimalLongitude: 30.6468; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: Feb 1914; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578742; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Beni Sweif; decimalLatitude: 29.07788; decimalLongitude: 31.10713; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 02-14-1914; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578742; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Kharga Oasis; decimalLatitude: 25.25; decimalLongitude: 30.5833; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: Feb 1914; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Priesner; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578742; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Kharga Oasis; decimalLatitude: 25.25; decimalLongitude: 30.5833; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 03-10-1924; Record Level: institutionCode: ESEC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578742; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Cleopatra; decimalLatitude: 31.22021; decimalLongitude: 29.9348; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 07-12-1921; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H.C.E & M.T.; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578742; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Dekhela; decimalLatitude: 31.12098; decimalLongitude: 29.8156; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 06-24-1926; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H.C.E & M.T.; sex: 3 males, 5 females; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578742; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Dekhela; decimalLatitude: 31.12098; decimalLongitude: 29.8156; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 05-24-1925; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Efflatoun; sex: 1 male, 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578742; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Dekhela; decimalLatitude: 31.12098; decimalLongitude: 29.8156; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 07-09-1927; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 female; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578742; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Fayed; decimalLatitude: 30.32382; decimalLongitude: 32.3008; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 07-24-1924; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Farag; sex: ?; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578742; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Helwan; decimalLatitude: 29.8500; decimalLongitude: 31.3333; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 04-08-1934; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Tewfik; sex: ?; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: taxonID: https://www.gbif.org/species/1578742; scientificName: ; Location: country: Egypt; locality: Wadi Hoff; decimalLatitude: 29.8821; decimalLongitude: 31.311; Identification: identifiedBy: M. El-Hawagry & M. Hauser; dateIdentified: 2020-2021; Event: samplingProtocol: Not given; eventDate: 06-09-1927; Record Level: institutionCode: EFC

PA: Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Egypt, England, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy (including Sardinia), Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, former Yugoslavia. [Sources: Woodley (2001), Üstüner and Hasbenli (2005), Mason et al. (2009) and Khaghaninia et al. (2015)]

Local distribution and dates of collection (Fig. 14): EGYPT: Coastal Strip: Abu-Kir, Cleopatra, Dekhela, Mariout, Moharram Bey, Nubar Bey, Nuzha, Ramleh (April to September). Eastern Desert: Ismailia, Wadi Hoff (May to July). Lower Nile Valley and Delta: Beni Sweif, Damietta, El-Alag, Helwan, El-Marg, Khusous, Tanta (February to May and November). Sinai: Zaranik Protectorate (April). Western Desert: Kharga Oasis (February and March). [Sources: original description of (Lindner 1925), Mohammad et al. (2009) and museum material]