New records of the soldier flies of Morocco with a bibliographical inventory of the North African fauna (Diptera, Stratiomyidae).

A checklist of soldier flies species recorded from the North African countries of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt is based on both literature records and material newly collected in Morocco. Four subfamilies (Stratiomyinae, Sarginae, Nemotelinae, and Pachygasterinae), and twelve species from five genera have been collected and are recognized in Morocco. Pachygaster atra (Panzer, 1798), Oxycera pardalina (Meigen, 1822), Nemotelus danielssoni (Mason, 1989), and Oxycera terminata (Meigen, 1822) are newly recorded to the North African fauna. Nemotelus atriceps (Loew, 1856) and Nemotelus maculiventris (Bigot, 1861) are reported for the first time in Morocco. The present number of soldier flies known from Morocco is 33.

Introduction

Stratiomyids (soldier flies) constitute one of the moderately large families of that exhibit an extreme array of morphological diversity, as well as a moderate range of life histories, with about 400 genera and about 2,700 species currently recognised worldwide (http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/2bda68991ddbf2b55b5c7e66c8a125ad). The soldier flies are found all over the world, but are particularly diverse in tropical regions (Woodley 2001, 2011).

The family comprises varied members, ranging from 2.0 to 20.0 mm in length. While some species are entirely slender, others are stout or evidently flattened, with coloration ranging from strikingly patterned dark with a yellow, sometimes white or greenish pattern and frequent metallic reflections (Rozkošný 1997), to rather dull and concolourous dark brownish black (Figs 22, 23).

Figure 22.

: Female adult (dorsal view).

Figure 23.

: Female adult (lateral view).

Important studies have been done over the world, like those of Rozkošný (1977, 1982, 1983, 1998, 2004) who specially studied the European , Rozkošný and Nartshuk (1988) who provided a catalogue of the soldier flies and Woodley (2001, 2011) who provided the world catalogue of the soldier flies.

To date, the soldier fly fauna of Morocco has been poorly investigated. The first records of Moroccan were given by Becker and Stein (1912) in their study of the of Morocco. For the next two decades, they received sporadic study devoted mainly, to the records of Moroccan species amongst the of Morocco or among the of the Palaearctic Region (Séguy 1930; Lindner 1936). Till now, no comprehensive and specific study has been published on Moroccan stratiomyids.

In this present study, 12 species of soldier flies have been recorded from 23 sampling sites in Morocco (Table 1), including a total of 83 specimens (47 males and 36 females). We report the first occurrences of the species (Loew, 1856) and (Bigot, 1861) in Morocco, in addition to (Panzer, 1798), (Meigen, 1822), (Meigen, 1822) and (Mason, 1989) for the first time not only in Morocco but for the North African continent.

Table 1.

Sampling sites (in alphabetical order) harbouring the species collected in Morocco with localities, geographical coordinates and altitudes.

Site	Locality	Province	Altitude (m)	Geographical coordinates
Rif Mountains
1. Affluent Tarmast	Parc National d’Al Hoceima	Al Hoceima	168	35°10.666'N, 004°03.088'W
2. Aïn El Malâab	Parc National Talassemtane	Chefchaouen	1278	35°05.509'N, 005°09.443'W
3. Aïn Sidi Brahim Ben Arrif	Route Moulay Abdessalam	Larache	897	35°20.398'N, 005°32.712'W
4. Barrage Moulay Bouchta	Larbaa Beni Hassan	Tétouan	364	35°15.864'N, 005°21.221'W
5. Cascade Chrafate	Chrafate	Chefchaouen	820	35°03.997'N, 005°06.434'W
6. Daya Afrate	Tanaqoub	Chefchaouen	600	35°05.634'N, 005°26.028'W
7. Daya Aïn Jdioui	Aïn Jdioui	Tanger-Assilah	5	35°34.074'N, 005°55.499'W
8. Daya Mezine	Mezine	Chefchaouen	778	35°06.104'N, 005°21.177'W
9. Daya Rmali	El Malâab, Parc National Talassemtane	Chefchaouen	1276	35°05.563'N, 005°09.488'W
10. Daya Tazia	Route Moulay Abdessalam	Larache	721	35°20.814'N, 005°33.139'W
11. Douar Kitane	Kitane	Tétouan	52	35°32.412'N, 005°20.393'W
12. Lac Ametrasse	Chrafate	Chefchaouen	828	35°05.014'N, 005°5.130'W
13. Oued Abou Bnar	Douar Abou Bnar, Parc National Talassemtane	Chefchaouen	1254	35°10.977'N, 005°08.005'W
14. Oued Achekrade	Douar Aouzighen	Tétouan	642	35°22.931'N, 005°20.364'W
15. Oued El Koub	Souk El Had	Chefchaouen	124	35°01.298'N, 005°25.333'W
16. Oued Izelfane	Beni Boufrah	Al Hoceima	206	35°07.272'N, 004°12.555'W
17. Oued Majjou (Hafa meqlouba)	Majjou	Chefchaouen	825	35°06.175'N, 005°10.836'W
18. Oued Zandoula	15 km au Nord de Ouazzane	Ouazzane	108	34°55.707'N, 005°31.942'W
19. Ruisseau Maison forestière	Parc National Talassemtane	Chefchaouen	1674	35°08.076'N, 005°08.262'W
20. Taghbalout	Larbaa Beni Hassan	Tétouan	379	35°15.323'N, 005°20.887'W
Middle Atlas Mountains
21. Cascade Aïn Vittel	Aïn Vittel	Ifrane	1555	33°33.682'N, 005°07.463'W
22. Mchacha Aïn Vittel	Aïn Vittel	Ifrane	1585	33°33.206'N, 005°06.722'W
Anti Atlas Mountains
23. Village Massa	Village Massa	Massa	24	29°59.353'N, 009’38.708'W

Materials and methods

Three techniques were used to collect : rearing larvae and pupae in the laboratory from collected substrates in the field following the technique used by Afzan and Belqat (2016), and collecting adults with both sweep net and malaise traps. Samples were collected by two authors (DY and BB) and the specimens were either micro-pinned or preserved in ethyl alcohol. Because specimens of the subfamily are small, usually less than 5 mm in length, study and illustration of the male and/or female terminalia required use of a microscope. Observation of detailed structures of the male and/or female terminalia was sometimes needed to confirm species identification. Dissections of terminalia were prepared using the methods and PageBreakPageBreakequipment described by (Nagatomi and Iwata 1976), then transferred to 70% alcohol where the internal tissues were removed with fine forceps. After washing, the dissected genital parts were preserved in (1:10) a mixture of glycerine and ethyl alcohol for observation.

Preparations of the male and/or female terminalia, as well as the illustrations are given here (Figs 1–4). Species were recognised according to the identification keys of Séguy (1930, 1953), Rozkošný (1982, 1983) and Rozkošný (1977). A list of 23 sampling sites, with coordinates and altitudes, is presented in Table 1, and the locations of the sites are shown in Map 1, done using the logiciel GisArc (Geographic InformaPageBreaktion System, version 9.3). Photographs of the sampling localities showing Moroccan habitats of the species newly recorded are given (by DY and BB). All the material is deposited in the insect collection of the department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tétouan, Morocco.

Figures 1–4.

female and male terminalia: 1 Genital furca 2 Subgenital plate 3 Genital capsule with Aedeagal complex (dorsal view) 4 Genital capsule with Median process (lateral view).

Map 1.

Map showing all sampling sites for soldier flies collected in this study in Morocco.

The nomenclature and the list of the species known to North Africa follow the world Catalogue of the (Woodley 2001).

Table 2 summarises the species presently known from North Africa.

Table 2.

The following checklist summarises the species of solider fly presently known from North Africa. Taxa are listed according to the classification scheme of Woodley (2001). Those species which are new records for North Africa are noted with (^) symbol, those new for Morocco are marked with (+), and the species which represent the new site in Morocco are with one asterisk (*).

Specimens	Morocco	Algeria	Tunisia	Libya	Egypt
Subfamily Beridinae
Beris rozkosnyi Kassebeer, 1996	X
Chorisops tunisiae (Becker, 1915)	X	X	X
Subfamily Pachygastrinae
Aspidacantha atra Kertesz, 1916					X
Pachygaster atra Panzer, 1798	X^
Pachygaster maura Lindner, 1939	X
Subfamily Clitellariinae
Adoxomyia flauipes (Fabricius, 1798)		X
Pycnomalla aterrima Sack, 1912	X	X
Pycnomalla auriflua (Erichson, 1841)	X	X
Pycnomalla splendens (Fabricius, 1787)	X	X
Subfamily Sarginae
Chloromyia formosa (Scopoli, 1763)	X*	X	X
Sargus bipunctatus (Scopoli, 1763)			X
Subfamily Stratiomyinae
Dicorymbimyia annulatus (Becker, 1906)			X
Oxycera germanica (Szilady, 1932)		X
Oxycera morrisii (Curtis, 1833)		X
Oxycera ochracea (Vaillant, 1950)		X
Oxycera orientalis (Lindner, 1974)					X
Oxycera pardalina (Meigen, 1822)	X^
Oxycera rara (Scopoli, 1763)		X
Oxycera tenebricosa (Vaillant, 1952)		X
Oxycera torrentium (Vaillant, 1950)		X
Oxycera terminata Meigen, 1822	X^
Oxycera trilineata (Linnaeus, 1767)	X*	X
Peritta melichlora Becker, 1906		X
Vanoyia tenuicornis Macquart, 1834	X
Odontomyia disciclara (Séguy, 1929)		X
Odontomyia alolena (Séguy, 1930)	X
Odontomyia angulata (Panzer, 1798)	X	X			X
Odontomyia discolor (Loew, 1846)	X	X
Odontomyia flavissima (Rossi 1790)	X	X	X
Odontomyia limbata (Wiedemann, 1822)	X*	X	X
Odontomyia megacephala Olivier, 1812					X
Odontomyia microcera (Séguy, 1930)	X
Odontomyia xanthopus Bezzi, 1906					X
Oplodontha minuta Fabricius, 1794					X
Oplodontha viridula (Fabricius, 1775)		X
Stratiomyia africana Szilady, 1941		X
Stratiomys cenisia Meigen, 1822	X	X	X		X
Stratiomys deserticolor Lindner, 1930					X
Stratiomys hispanica Pleske, 1901		X
Stratiomys longicornis (Scopoli, 1763)	X	X	X		X
Stratiomys singularior (Harris, 1776)					X
Subfamily Nemotelinae
Lasiopa benoisti Séguy, 1930	X	X
Lasiopa manni Mik, 1882			X
Lasiopa pantherina Séguy, 1930	X
Nemotelus anchora Loew, 1846		X	X		X
Nemotelus atriceps Loew, 1856	X+	X	X
Nemotelus beckeri Hauser, 1998		X	X
Nemotelus candidus Becker, 1906		X			X
Nemotelus carthaginis Becker, 1906			X
Nemotelus cingulatus Dufour, 1852	X*	X	X
Nemotelus danielssoni Mason, 1989	X^
Nemotelus dentatus Becker, 1902					X
Nemotelus lasiops Loew, 1846			X
Nemotelus latiusculus Loew, 1871	X*	X	X
Nemotelus longirostris Wiedemann, 1824	X	X	X
Nemotelus maculiventris Bigot, 1861	X+	X
Nemotelus marinus Becker, 1902					X
Nemotelus matrouhensis Mohammad, Fadl, Gadalla & Badrawy, 2009					X
Nemotelus nigrifrons Loew, 1846	X*	X	X	X
Nemotelus niloticus Olivier, 1811					X
Nemotelus notatus Zetterstedt, 1842					X
Nemotelus pantherinus (Linnaeus, 1758)	X
Nemotelus proboscideus Loew, 1846		X	X	X
Nemotelus punctiventris Becker, 1902					X
Nemotelus subuliginosus Rozkosny, 1974	X
Nemotelus ventralis Meigen, 1830	X
Nemotelus nigrinus Fallen, 1817	X

Results

Faunistic records

Subfamily

Genus Latreille, 1802

North African literature records. Morocco: Middle Atlas, Meknès, Ifrane (Kasebber 1996: 155; Woodley 2001: 66).

World distribution. Spain (Woodley 2001: 66).

Genus Rondani, 1856

= Becker, 1915

North African literature records. Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia: La Calle (Woodley 2001: 68).

World distribution. Portugal, Spain (Woodley 2001: 68); Sardinia (Mason et al. 2009: 509-510).

Subfamily Loew, 1856

Genus Kertesz, 1916

North African literature record. Egypt (Lindner 1936: 211; Woodley 2001: 86).

World distribution. Palaearctic: Israel, Turkmenistan. Afrotropical: Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zimbabwe (Woodley 2001: 86); United Arab Emirates (Hauser 2008: 591–592).

Genus Meigen, 1803

= Panzer, 179

= Fallen, 1817

New record. Morocco, Rif: Daya Mezine (Fig. 5), 1♀, 11/VI/2013, sweep net, Coll. Yimlahi and Belqat.

Figure 5.

Habitat of : Daya Mezine.

World distribution. Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Scotland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Wales, Yugoslavia (Woodley 2001: 125).

North African literature record. Morocco (Lindner 1939: 314).

World distribution. Portugal, Spain (Woodley 2001: 126).

Genus Kertesz, 1907

= Fabricius, 1798

= Bigot, 1879b

World distribution. Only known in North African from Algeria: Oran, Tebessa (Lindner 1936: 158–159); Oran (Woodley 2001: 151).

Genus Gerstaecker, 1857

World distribution. This species is known in North Africa only from Morocco: Middle Atlas and Algeria: Tizi s’Tkrine (Séguy 1930: 59); Morocco: Daiet Ahoua (Séguy 1953: 78); Morocco and Algeria (Woodley 2001: 172).

= Erichson, 1841

World distribution. Known in North Africa only from Morocco: Middle Atlas and Algeria: Soufouloud (Séguy 1930: 59); Morocco, Algeria (Woodley 2001: 172).

= Fabricius, 1787

= Macquart, 1838

= Lindner, 1974

North African literature records. Morocco (Séguy 1930: 59, 1953: 78); Morocco, Tunisia (Lindner 1936: 149–150); Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia (Woodley 2001: 172).

World distribution. Armenia, Israel, Portugal, Spain (Woodley 2001: 172); Turkey (Üstüner et al. 2002: 23).

Subfamily

Genus Duncan, 1837

= Scopoli, 1763

= De Geer, 1776

= M. Harris, 1778

= Fabricius, 1787

= Walckenaer, 1802

= Meigen, 1804

= Loew, 1840

New localities. Morocco, Rif: Taghbalout, 1♂2♀♀, 5/IV/2014, sweep net, Coll. Yimlahi and Belqat; Lac Ametrasse (Fig. 6), 1♂, 24/V/2013, Coll. Yimlahi and Belqat, sweep net; Douar Kitane, 1♂, 10/IV/2014, Malaise trap, 1♀, 2/V/2014, sweep net, Coll. Yimlahi and Belqat.

Figure 6.

Habitat of : Lac Ametrasse.

North African literature records. Morocco: Tangier (Becker and Stein 1912: 64), Algeria: M’Rassine (Séguy 1930: 66), Merja Zerga (Pârvu et al. 2006); Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia (Woodley 2001: 189).

World distribution. Nearctic: USA (New York, introduced). Palaearctic, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenija, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Yugoslavia (Woodley 2001: 189); Sardinia (Mason et al. 2009: 508–509).

Genus Fabricius, 1798

= Scopoli, 1763

= Meigen, 1804

= Fabricius, 1805

= Meigen, 1822

= O. Costa, 1844

= Szilady, 1929

= James, 1936

North African literature record. Tunisia (Woodley 2001: 221).

World distribution. Nearctic: Canada (British Columbia), USA (Oregon, Washington). Palaearctic: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenija, Switzerland (Woodley 2001: 221); Sardinia (Mason et al. 2009: 524).

Subfamily Latreille, 1802

Tribe Enderlein, 1914

Genus Woodley 2001

= Becker, 1906

World distribution. Tunisia: Zaghouan, Tunis (Woodley 2001: 240).

Genus Meigen, 1803

= Meigen, 1800

= Szilady, 1932

= Vaillant, 1950

= Vaillant, 1950

North African literature record. Algeria: Aurès Mountains, Arris (Woodley 2001: 247).

World distribution. France, Germany, Switzerland (Woodley 2001: 247).

= Schiner, 1857

= Vaillant, 1950

= Vaillant, 1950

= Vaillant, 1950

North African literature records. Algeria: vicinity of Alger (Woodley 2001: 249).

World distribution. Austria, Belgium, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Yugoslavia (Woodley 2001: 249).

= Vaillant, 1950

World distribution. Only known in North Africa from Algeria: Aurès Mountains, Arris, Constantine (Woodley 2001: 249).

= Lindner, 1974

= (Lindner & Freidberg, 1978)

North African literature record. Egypt (Badrawy 2006: 252).

World distribution. Israel (Woodley 2001: 249).

= Loew, 1857

= Jaennicke, 1866

= Loew, 1871

= Séguy, 1934

= Lindner, 1938

= Szilady, 1941

= Hrbacek, 1945

= Vaillant, 1950

= Vaillant & Delhom, 1956

= Vaillant & Delhom, 1956

New records. Oued Abou Bnar (Fig. 7a, b), 17/V/2014, sweep net, 1♀, 18/V/2014-12/VI/2014, reared, 2♂♂1♀; Oued Majjou (Hafa meqlouba) (Fig. 8a, b), 1♀, 9/IV/2015-15/VI/2015, reared; Oued Achekrade (Fig. 9), 1♀, 31/V/2014-8/VI/2014, reared; Ruisseau Maison forestière (Fig. 10), 2♀♀, 24/IV/2015, sweep net; Cascade Aïn Vittel (Fig. 11), 2♂♂1♀, 17/II/2016-20/IV/2016, reared; Mchacha Aïn Vittel (Fig. 12), 1♂, 17/II/2016-20/IV/2016, reared, Coll. Yimlahi and Belqat.

Figure 7.

a Habitat of : Oued Abou Bnar (from where the substrate is taken for rearing adults) b Habitat of : Oued Abou Bnar environment.

Figure 8.

a Habitat of : Oued Majjou (Hafa meqlouba) environment b Habitat of : Oued Majjou (Hafa meqlouba).

Figure 9.

Habitat of : Oued Achekrade.

Figure 10.

Habitat of : Ruisseau Maison forestière environment.

Figure 11.

Habitat of : Cascade AïnVittel (photograph taken on 17/II/2016, when the material was collected).

Figure 12.

Habitat of : Mchacha Aïn Vittel (photograph taken on 17/II/2016, when the material was collected).

World distribution. Albania, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia (Woodley 2001: 250).

= Scopoli, 1763

= M. Harris, 1778

= Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785

= Meigen, 1822

= (Vaillant, 1950)

North African literature record. Algeria: Aurès Mountains, Arris (Woodley 2001: 251)

World distribution. Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenija, Spain, Switzerland, Wales, Yugoslavia (Woodley 2001: 251); Sardinia (Mason et al. 2009: 524).

= Vaillant, 1952

World distribution. Only known in North Africa from Algeria: Atlas de Blida (Woodley 2001: 252).

New records. Morocco, Rif: Cascade Chrafate (Fig. 13a, b), 2♂♂2♀♀, 18/III/2015-9/V/2015, 1♂, 18/III/2015-20/IV/2015, reared, Coll. Yimlahi and Belqat.

Figure 13.

a Habitat of : Cascade Chrafate environment b Habitat of : Cascade Chrafate (extraction site of the substrate for rearing adults).

World distribution. Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Switzerland, Yugoslavia (Woodley 2001: 252).

= Vaillant, 1950

World distribution. Only known in North Africa from Algeria: Atlas of Bilda, La Chiffa, Aurès Mountains (Woodley 2001: 252).

= Pontoppidan, 1763

= Linnaeus, 1767

= Linnaeus, 1767

= Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785

= Loew, 1873

= Brunetti, 1889

= Pleske, 1925

= Pleske, 1925

= Paramonov, 1926

= Séguy, 1930

= Lindner, 1938

= Szilady, 1941

= Szilady, 1941

= Vaillant, 1950

New locality. Morocco, Rif: Daya Aïn Jdioui (Fig. 14), 1♂, 28/III/2015-27/V/2015, reared, Coll. Yimlahi and Belqat.

Figure 14.

Habitat of : Daya Aïn Jdioui.

North African literature records. Morocco: Tangier (Becker and Stein 1912: 63, Séguy 1930: 62); Tangier, Algeria: Aurès Mountains, Arris (Woodley 2001: 252).

World distribution. Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Scotland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Wales, Yugoslavia (Woodley 2001: 252); Sardinia (Mason et al. 2009: 524); United Arab Emirates (Hauser 2014: 695-697).

Genus Becker, 1906

World distribution. Only known in North Africa from Algeria: Biskra, spring at Hammam-Salahin (Woodley 2001: 254).

Genus Villeneuve, 1908

= Macquart, 1834

= Dale, 1848

= Walker, 1851

= Villeneuve, 1908

= Kertesz, 1921

North African literature record. Morocco: Tangier (Lindner 1936: 194, Woodley 2001: 254).

World distribution. Belgium, England, France, Ireland, Spain (Woodley 2001: 254).

Tribe Latreille, 1802

= Séguy, 1930

World distribution. Only known in North Africa from Morocco: Casablanca, Tangier, Mahaidja, Aïn Leuh (Séguy 1930: 65, Woodley 2001: 269).

= Panzer, 1798

= Panzer, 1798

= Panzer, 1798

= Meigen, 1822

= Macquart, 1834

= Loew, 1840

= Loew, 1840

= Zetterstedt, 1842

= Loew, 1846

North African literature records. Morocco: Tangier (Becker and Stein 1912: 62); Morocco, Algeria, Egypt (Woodley 2001: 269); Egypt (Badrawy 2006: 253).

World distribution. Afghanistan, Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, PageBreakHungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Yugoslavia (Woodley 2001: 269); Sardinia (Mason et al. 2009: 521–522).

= Séguy, 1929

World distribution. Only known in North African from Algeria: Touggourt (Lindner 1936: 87; Woodley 2001: 273).

= Loew, 1897

= Macquart in Lucas, 1849

North African literature records. Morocco: Tangier (Becker and Stein 1912: 62); Morocco, Algeria: Constantine (Woodley 2001: 274).

World distribution. Afghanistan, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Romania, Russia, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Woodley 2001: 274); Sardinia (Mason et al. 2009: 522).

= Rossi, 1790

= Wiedemann in Meigen, 1822

= Meigen, 1830

= Brullé, 1833

= Macquart, 1847

= Macquart, 1847

= Strobl in Czemy & Strobl, 1909

North African literature records. Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia (Woodley 2001: 275).

World distribution. Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Yugoslavia (Woodley 2001: 275).

= Wiedemann in Meigen, 1822

= Wiedemann in Meigen, 1822

= A. Costa, 1857

New locality. Morocco, Rif: Lac Ametrasse, 2♂♂1♀, 28/IV/2015; Aïn Sidi Brahim Ben Arrif, 4♂♂, 23/IV/2015; Daya Afrate (Fig. 15), 1♀, 18/IV/2015; Ruisseau Maison forestière, 11♂1♀, 8/V/2014; Aïn El Malâab (Fig. 16a, b), 1♂2♀♀, 17/V/2014; Daya Rmali El Malâab, 1♀, 17/V/2014, Daya Tazia, 2♂♂1♀, 12/V/2015, sweep net, Coll. Yimlahi and Belqat.

Figure 15.

Habitat of and : Daya Afrate.

Figure 16.

a Habitat of : Aïn El Malâab b Habitat of : Aïn El Malâab environment.

North African literature records. Morocco: Tangier (Becker and Stein 1912: 62); Middle Atlas, Tangier, Algeria (Séguy 1930: 65); Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia (Woodley 2001: 278).

World distribution. France, Italy, Portugal, Spain (Woodley 2001: 278).

World distribution. Only known in North Africa from Egypt (Lindner 1936: 92; Badrawy 2006: 253), Nil river (Woodley 2001: 279).

= Séguy, 1930

World distribution. Only known in North Africa from Morocco: Meknès (Séguy 1930: 65; Woodley 2001: 279).

North African literature records. Egypt (Woodley 2001: 285; Badrawy 2006: 253).

World distribution. Palaearctic: Israel. Afrotropical: Ethiopia, Malawi (Woodley 2001: 285).

Genus Rondani, 1863

= Lindner, 1925

= Lindner, 1925

North African literature records. Egypt: Kharga Oasis, Dakhla Oasis (Lindner 1936: 93–94; Woodley 2001: 287); Egypt (Badrawy 2006: 253).

World distribution. Socotra Island (Tkoč and Rozkošný 2014: 431–437).

= Fabricius, 1775

= Panzer, 1798

= Schrank, 1803

= in Gistl, 1837

= Meigen, 1804

= Olivier, 1811

= Olivier, 1811

= Meigen, 1822

= Meigen, 1835

= Meigen, 1838

= Loew, 1846

= Loew, 1846

= Jaennicke, 1866

= Verrall, 1909

North African literature record. Algeria (Woodley 2001: 288).

World distribution. Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey (Woodley 2001: 288); Sardinia (Mason et al. 2009: 522).

Genus Geoffroy, 1762

World distribution. Only known in North Africa from Algeria: Biskra (Woodley 2001: 296).

= Loew, 1846

= Pleske, 1901

= Pleske, 1902

= Villeneuve, 1911

= James, 1941

North African literature records. Morocco: Middle Atlas, Meknès, Rabat, Timahdit, Tangier (Séguy 1930: 64); Algeria: Surcouf (Séguy 1930: 64); Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia (Woodley 2001: 297); Egypt (Badrawy 2006: 253).

World distribution. Armenia, Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (Woodley 2001: 297).

World distribution. Only known in North Africa from Egypt: Siwa Oasis (Woodley 2001: 298); (Badrawy 2006: 254).

North African literature record. Algeria (Woodley 2001: 300).

World distribution. France, Spain (Woodley 2001: 300).

= Scopoli, 1763

= M. Harris, 1778

= Fabricius, 1781

= Schrank, 1803

= Meigen, 1804

= Meigen, 1804

= Fabricius, 1805

= Meigen, 1830

= (Wiedemann, 1830)

= Macquart, 1838

= Loew, 1840

= (Bigot, 1879) (Lindner 1936: 62)

= (A. Costa, 1893) (Lindner 1936: 60)

= (Becker, 1906)

= (Lindner, 1925) (Lindner 1936: 58-59)

= (Séguy, 1930) (Lindner 1936: 64)

= (Séguy, 1932)

= Lindner, 1937

= Lindner, 1940

North African literature records. Morocco: Casablanca (Séguy 1930: 63); Morocco, Algeria: Lambessa, Tunisia (Lindner 1936: 60, 62, 64); Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia (Woodley 2001: 301); Egypt (Badrawy 2006: 254).

World distribution. Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Korea, Lithuania, Malta, Mongolia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Scotland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Yugoslavia (Woodley 2001: 301); Sardinia (Mason et al. 2009: 524).

= Harris, 1776

= Fabricius, 1794

= Fallen, 1817

= Meigen, 1822

= Siebke, 1863

North African literature record. Egypt (Badrawy 2006: 254).

World distribution. Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (Woodley 2001: 301).

Subfamily Kertesz, 1912

Genus Brulle, 1832

World distribution. Only known in North Africa from Morocco: Meknès and Algeria: Boghari (Séguy 1930: 60); Morocco: Meknès, Algeria: Boghari, Bougie (Woodley 2001: 309).

North African literature records. Algeria: Constantine (Becker and Stein 1912: 63); Tunisia (Woodley 2001: 309).

World distribution. Italy, Turkey (Woodley 2001: 309).

World distribution. Only known in North African from Morocco: Maharidja (Séguy 1930: 62; Woodley 2001: 309).

Genus Geoffroy, 1762

Subgenus Geoffroy, 1762

= Jaennicke, 1866

= Pleske in Lindner, 1937

North African literature records. Algeria, Tunisia (Woodley 2001: 311); Egypt (Badrawy 2006: 252); Egypt: Fayoum (Mohammad et al. 2009: 99)

World distribution. Iran, Israel, Italy, Malta, Russia (Woodley 2001: 311); Sardinia (Mason et al. 2009: 510).

= Lindner, 1937

New record. Morocco: Village Massa (Fig. 17), 11.V.2015, 1♂, sweep net, Coll. Yimlahi and Belqat.

Figure 17.

Habitat of : Village Massa.

North African literature records. Algeria, Tunisia (Woodley 2001: 312).

World distribution. France, Portugal, Spain (Woodley 2001: 312).

World distribution. Known in North Africaonly from Algeria and Tunisia: Tabaraka, Khathairie (Hauser 1997: 453; Woodley 2001: 313).

World distribution. Knownin North Africa only from Algeria: Hammam-Salahin (Lindner 1936: 122–123), Biskra, Hammam-Salahin (Woodley 2001: 314) and Egypt (Badrawy 2006: 252); Egypt: Dekhela Mariout, Wadi El Natroun (Mohammad et al. 2009: 99–100).

World distribution. Only known in North Africa from Tunisia (Lindner 1936: 123), Tunisia: Karthago (Woodley 2001: 314).

= Dufour, 1852

= Loew, 1871

= Loew, 1871

= (Becker, 1915)

New locality. Morocco, Rif: Daya Afrate (Fig. 15), 2♂♂, 18/IV/2015, sweep net; Oued El Koub (Figs 18, 19), 1♀, 06/V/2015, Coll. Yimlahi and Belqat.

Figure 18.

Habitat of : Oued El Koub environment.

Figure 19.

Habitat of : Oued El Koub.

North African literature records. Algeria, Tunisia (Lindner 1936: 123–124); Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia (Woodley 2001: 314).

World distribution. France, Spain (Woodley 2001: 314).

(Figs 20, 21, 22, 23)

Figure 20.

: Male adult (dorsal view).

Figure 21.

: Male adult (lateral view).

World distribution. Greece (Woodley 2001: 315).

New record. Morocco: Oued Izelfane (Fig. 24), 8♂♂12♀♀, 25/VI/2013, sweep net, Coll. Yimlahi and Belqat.

Figure 24.

Habitat of : Oued Izelfane.

was described as a new species only from the male specimen (from Crete Island, Greece). Recently, Mason and Rozkošný (2003) have described the female.

The species is recorded from Izelfane in Morocco. This finding is very interesting, as it represents the first record from North Africa of a supposed endemic species of Greece.

World distribution. Only known in North Africa from Egypt: El Alagto Marg (Lindner 1925), Birket-el-Karun (Woodley 2001: 315); (Badrawy 2006: 252); Coastal strip, Lower Nile, Western desert (Mohammad et al. 2009: 100).

= Lindner, 1937

North African literature record. Tunisia (Woodley 2001: 317).

World distribution. Italy (Woodley 2001: 317); Sardinia (Mason et al. 2009: 512).

= Bigot, 1879

= Bezzi, 1898

= Becker, 1915

= Lindner, 1975

New locality. Morocco, Rif: Barrage Moulay Bouchta (Fig. 25), 1♂, 05/IV/2014, sweep net, Coll. Yimlahi and Belqat.

Figure 25.

Habitat of : Barrage Moulay Bouchta.

North African literature records. Tunisia (Lindner 1936: 137); Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia (Woodley 2001: 318).

World distribution. Israel, Italy, Spain (Woodley 2001: 318).

= Schiner, 1868

= Loew, 1871

= Loew, 1871

North African literature records. Morocco: Tangier (Becker and Stein 1912: 62; Séguy 1930: 59); Morocco, Algeria (Lindner 1936: 131); Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia (Woodley 2001: 318).

World distribution. France, Spain (Woodley 2001: 318).

= Lindner, 1937

New record. Morocco, Rif: Oued Zandoula (Fig. 26), 1♂2♀♀, 06/V/2015, sweep net, coll. Yimlahi and Belqat.

Figure 26.

Habitat of (Bigot, 1861): Oued Zandoula.

North African literature record. Algeria (Woodley 2001: 318).

World distribution. Italy, Spain (Woodley 2001: 318).

World distribution. Only known in North Africa from Egypt (Badrawy 2006: 254); Egypt: Suez (Woodley 2001: 318), Fayed, Ferdan, Ismailia, Wadi Hoff, Wadi El Natroun (Mohammad et al. 2009: 100–101).

World distribution. Only known in North Africa from Egypt (Mohammad et al. 2009: 100–101).

= Becker, 1906

New locality. Affluent Tarmast (Fig. 27), 2♂♂1♀, 26/VI/2013, sweep net, coll. Yimlahi and Belqat.

Figure 27.

Habitat of : Affluent Oued Tarmast.

North African literature records. Morocco: Tangier (Becker and Stein 1912: 62); Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia (Lindner 1936); Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia (Woodley 2001: 319).

World distribution. Israel, Italy (Woodley 2001: 319); Sardinia (Mason et al. 2009: 512).

= Becker, 1902 syn. n.

= Woodley 2001

= Olivier, 1811

= Becker, 1906

= Lindner, 1974

North African literature records. Algeria: Biskra (Lindner 1936: 117); Egypt: Alexandria (Woodley 2001: 311), Egypt (Badrawy 2006: 254), Dekhela Mariout, Fayid, Fayoum, Gabal Asfer, Dekhela, Ismailia, Mallaha Mariout, Ramleh, Sherbin, Zaranik protectorate (Mohammad et al. 2009: 98–101).

World distribution. United Arab Emirates (Hauser 2008: 598); Sardinia (Mason et al. 2009: 512).

= Loew, 1846

= Verhoeff, 1891

= Becker, 1902

= (Lindner, 1925)

= Lindner, 1937

= Lindner, 1937

North African literature record. Egypt (Badrawy 2006: 254), Egypt: Coastal strip (Mohammad et al. 2009: 102–103).

World distribution. Austria, Belgium, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden (Woodley 2001: 313); Sardinia (Mason et al. 2009: 515–520); Turkey (Üstüner et al. 2002: 21).

= Linnaeus, 1758

= Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785

= Thunberg, 1789

= Gmelin, 1790

= Meigen, 1804

= Fallen, 1817

= Meigen, 1822

= Loew, 18 46

= Loew, 1846

= Pleske in Lindner, 1937

= Pleske in Lindner, 1937

= Szilady, 1941

= Nartshuk, 1969

= Lindner, 1974

North African literature record. Morocco: Tangier (Séguy 1930: 59), Morocco (Woodley 2001: 320).

World distribution. Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Yugoslavia (Woodley 2001: 320); Sardinia (Mason et al. 2009: 521).

= Fabricius, 1794

= Jaennicke, 1866

North African literature records. Morocco, Tunisia (Lindner 1936: 139); Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, omitted in Morocco by Woodley (2001: 321).

World distribution. Italy (Woodley 2001: 321).

World distribution. Only known in North Africa from Egypt (Mohammad et al. 2009: 100–101).

World distribution. Only known in North Africa from Morocco: Tangier (Woodley 2001: 322).

World distribution. Only known in North Africa from Morocco (Lindner 1936: 146), Morocco: Essaouira (Woodley 2001: 323).

Subgenus (Williston, 1917)

= Walker, 1849

= Loew, 1863

= Loew, 1863

= Loew, 1869

North African literature record. Morocco (Woodley 2001: 326).

World distribution. Nearctic: Canada, USA. Neotropical: Mexico. Palaearctic: Afghanistan, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tibet, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (Woodley 2001: 326), Turkey (Üstüner 2010: 110).