Milad Nazarzadeh1,2, Ana-Catarina Pinho-Gomes2, Zeinab Bidel1,2, Dexter Canoy1,2,3, Abbas Dehghan4, Karl Smith Byrne1, Derrick A Bennett5, George Davey Smith6, Kazem Rahimi7,8,9. 1. Deep Medicine, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, 1st Floor, Hayes House, 75 George Street, Oxford, OX1 2BQ, UK. 2. Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 3. NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK. 4. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. 5. Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 6. MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. 7. Deep Medicine, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, 1st Floor, Hayes House, 75 George Street, Oxford, OX1 2BQ, UK. kazem.rahimi@wrh.ox.ac.uk. 8. Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. kazem.rahimi@wrh.ox.ac.uk. 9. NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK. kazem.rahimi@wrh.ox.ac.uk.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Whether elevated blood pressure (BP) is a modifiable risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) is not established. We tested (1) whether the association between BP and risk of AF is causal, (2) whether it varies according to individual's genetic susceptibility for AF, and (3) the extent to which specific BP-lowering drugs are expected to reduce this risk. METHODS: First, causality of association was assessed through two-sample Mendelian randomization, using data from two independent genome-wide association studies that included a population of one million Europeans in total. Second, the UK Biobank data of 329,237 participants at baseline was used to study the effect of BP on AF according to genetic susceptibility of developing AF. Third, a possible treatment effect with major BP-lowering drug classes on AF risk was predicted through genetic variants in genes encode the therapeutic targets of each drug class. Estimated drug effects were compared with effects on incident coronary heart disease, for which direct trial evidence exists. RESULTS: The two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis indicated that, on average, exposure to a higher systolic BP increased the risk of AF by 19% (odds ratio per each 10-mmHg [OR] 1.19 [1.12 to 1.27]). This association was replicated in the UK biobank using individual participant data. However, in a further genetic risk-stratified analysis, there was evidence for a linear gradient in the relative effects of systolic BP on AF; while there was no conclusive evidence of an effect in those with low genetic risk, a strong effect was observed among those with high genetic susceptibility for AF. The comparison of predicted treatment effects using genetic proxies for three main drug classes (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers) suggested similar average effects for the prevention of atrial fibrillation and coronary heart disease. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of elevated BP on the risk of AF is likely to be causal, suggesting that BP-lowering treatment may be effective in AF prevention. However, average effects masked clinically important variations, with a more pronounced effect in individuals with high genetic susceptibility risk for AF.
BACKGROUND: Whether elevated blood pressure (BP) is a modifiable risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) is not established. We tested (1) whether the association between BP and risk of AF is causal, (2) whether it varies according to individual's genetic susceptibility for AF, and (3) the extent to which specific BP-lowering drugs are expected to reduce this risk. METHODS: First, causality of association was assessed through two-sample Mendelian randomization, using data from two independent genome-wide association studies that included a population of one million Europeans in total. Second, the UK Biobank data of 329,237 participants at baseline was used to study the effect of BP on AF according to genetic susceptibility of developing AF. Third, a possible treatment effect with major BP-lowering drug classes on AF risk was predicted through genetic variants in genes encode the therapeutic targets of each drug class. Estimated drug effects were compared with effects on incident coronary heart disease, for which direct trial evidence exists. RESULTS: The two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis indicated that, on average, exposure to a higher systolic BP increased the risk of AF by 19% (odds ratio per each 10-mmHg [OR] 1.19 [1.12 to 1.27]). This association was replicated in the UK biobank using individual participant data. However, in a further genetic risk-stratified analysis, there was evidence for a linear gradient in the relative effects of systolic BP on AF; while there was no conclusive evidence of an effect in those with low genetic risk, a strong effect was observed among those with high genetic susceptibility for AF. The comparison of predicted treatment effects using genetic proxies for three main drug classes (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers) suggested similar average effects for the prevention of atrial fibrillation and coronary heart disease. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of elevated BP on the risk of AF is likely to be causal, suggesting that BP-lowering treatment may be effective in AF prevention. However, average effects masked clinically important variations, with a more pronounced effect in individuals with high genetic susceptibility risk for AF.
Authors: J L Mega; N O Stitziel; S Kathiresan; M S Sabatine; J G Smith; D I Chasman; M Caulfield; J J Devlin; F Nordio; C Hyde; C P Cannon; F Sacks; N Poulter; P Sever; P M Ridker; E Braunwald; O Melander Journal: Lancet Date: 2015-03-04 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Georg B Ehret; Patricia B Munroe; Kenneth M Rice; Murielle Bochud; Andrew D Johnson; Daniel I Chasman; Albert V Smith; Martin D Tobin; Germaine C Verwoert; Shih-Jen Hwang; Vasyl Pihur; Peter Vollenweider; Paul F O'Reilly; Najaf Amin; Jennifer L Bragg-Gresham; Alexander Teumer; Nicole L Glazer; Lenore Launer; Jing Hua Zhao; Yurii Aulchenko; Simon Heath; Siim Sõber; Afshin Parsa; Jian'an Luan; Pankaj Arora; Abbas Dehghan; Feng Zhang; Gavin Lucas; Andrew A Hicks; Anne U Jackson; John F Peden; Toshiko Tanaka; Sarah H Wild; Igor Rudan; Wilmar Igl; Yuri Milaneschi; Alex N Parker; Cristiano Fava; John C Chambers; Ervin R Fox; Meena Kumari; Min Jin Go; Pim van der Harst; Wen Hong Linda Kao; Marketa Sjögren; D G Vinay; Myriam Alexander; Yasuharu Tabara; Sue Shaw-Hawkins; Peter H Whincup; Yongmei Liu; Gang Shi; Johanna Kuusisto; Bamidele Tayo; Mark Seielstad; Xueling Sim; Khanh-Dung Hoang Nguyen; Terho Lehtimäki; Giuseppe Matullo; Ying Wu; Tom R Gaunt; N Charlotte Onland-Moret; Matthew N Cooper; Carl G P Platou; Elin Org; Rebecca Hardy; Santosh Dahgam; Jutta Palmen; Veronique Vitart; Peter S Braund; Tatiana Kuznetsova; Cuno S P M Uiterwaal; Adebowale Adeyemo; Walter Palmas; Harry Campbell; Barbara Ludwig; Maciej Tomaszewski; Ioanna Tzoulaki; Nicholette D Palmer; Thor Aspelund; Melissa Garcia; Yen-Pei C Chang; Jeffrey R O'Connell; Nanette I Steinle; Diederick E Grobbee; Dan E Arking; Sharon L Kardia; Alanna C Morrison; Dena Hernandez; Samer Najjar; Wendy L McArdle; David Hadley; Morris J Brown; John M Connell; Aroon D Hingorani; Ian N M Day; Debbie A Lawlor; John P Beilby; Robert W Lawrence; Robert Clarke; Jemma C Hopewell; Halit Ongen; Albert W Dreisbach; Yali Li; J Hunter Young; Joshua C Bis; Mika Kähönen; Jorma Viikari; Linda S Adair; Nanette R Lee; Ming-Huei Chen; Matthias Olden; Cristian Pattaro; Judith A Hoffman Bolton; Anna Köttgen; Sven Bergmann; Vincent Mooser; Nish Chaturvedi; Timothy M Frayling; Muhammad Islam; Tazeen H Jafar; Jeanette Erdmann; Smita R Kulkarni; Stefan R Bornstein; Jürgen Grässler; Leif Groop; Benjamin F Voight; Johannes Kettunen; Philip Howard; Andrew Taylor; Simonetta Guarrera; Fulvio Ricceri; Valur Emilsson; Andrew Plump; Inês Barroso; Kay-Tee Khaw; Alan B Weder; Steven C Hunt; Yan V Sun; Richard N Bergman; Francis S Collins; Lori L Bonnycastle; Laura J Scott; Heather M Stringham; Leena Peltonen; Markus Perola; Erkki Vartiainen; Stefan-Martin Brand; Jan A Staessen; Thomas J Wang; Paul R Burton; Maria Soler Artigas; Yanbin Dong; Harold Snieder; Xiaoling Wang; Haidong Zhu; Kurt K Lohman; Megan E Rudock; Susan R Heckbert; Nicholas L Smith; Kerri L Wiggins; Ayo Doumatey; Daniel Shriner; Gudrun Veldre; Margus Viigimaa; Sanjay Kinra; Dorairaj Prabhakaran; Vikal Tripathy; Carl D Langefeld; Annika Rosengren; Dag S Thelle; Anna Maria Corsi; Andrew Singleton; Terrence Forrester; Gina Hilton; Colin A McKenzie; Tunde Salako; Naoharu Iwai; Yoshikuni Kita; Toshio Ogihara; Takayoshi Ohkubo; Tomonori Okamura; Hirotsugu Ueshima; Satoshi Umemura; Susana Eyheramendy; Thomas Meitinger; H-Erich Wichmann; Yoon Shin Cho; Hyung-Lae Kim; Jong-Young Lee; James Scott; Joban S Sehmi; Weihua Zhang; Bo Hedblad; Peter Nilsson; George Davey Smith; Andrew Wong; Narisu Narisu; Alena Stančáková; Leslie J Raffel; Jie Yao; Sekar Kathiresan; Christopher J O'Donnell; Stephen M Schwartz; M Arfan Ikram; W T Longstreth; Thomas H Mosley; Sudha Seshadri; Nick R G Shrine; Louise V Wain; Mario A Morken; Amy J Swift; Jaana Laitinen; Inga Prokopenko; Paavo Zitting; Jackie A Cooper; Steve E Humphries; John Danesh; Asif Rasheed; Anuj Goel; Anders Hamsten; Hugh Watkins; Stephan J L Bakker; Wiek H van Gilst; Charles S Janipalli; K Radha Mani; Chittaranjan S Yajnik; Albert Hofman; Francesco U S Mattace-Raso; Ben A Oostra; Ayse Demirkan; Aaron Isaacs; Fernando Rivadeneira; Edward G Lakatta; Marco Orru; Angelo Scuteri; Mika Ala-Korpela; Antti J Kangas; Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen; Pasi Soininen; Taru Tukiainen; Peter Würtz; Rick Twee-Hee Ong; Marcus Dörr; Heyo K Kroemer; Uwe Völker; Henry Völzke; Pilar Galan; Serge Hercberg; Mark Lathrop; Diana Zelenika; Panos Deloukas; Massimo Mangino; Tim D Spector; Guangju Zhai; James F Meschia; Michael A Nalls; Pankaj Sharma; Janos Terzic; M V Kranthi Kumar; Matthew Denniff; Ewa Zukowska-Szczechowska; Lynne E Wagenknecht; F Gerald R Fowkes; Fadi J Charchar; Peter E H Schwarz; Caroline Hayward; Xiuqing Guo; Charles Rotimi; Michiel L Bots; Eva Brand; Nilesh J Samani; Ozren Polasek; Philippa J Talmud; Fredrik Nyberg; Diana Kuh; Maris Laan; Kristian Hveem; Lyle J Palmer; Yvonne T van der Schouw; Juan P Casas; Karen L Mohlke; Paolo Vineis; Olli Raitakari; Santhi K Ganesh; Tien Y Wong; E Shyong Tai; Richard S Cooper; Markku Laakso; Dabeeru C Rao; Tamara B Harris; Richard W Morris; Anna F Dominiczak; Mika Kivimaki; Michael G Marmot; Tetsuro Miki; Danish Saleheen; Giriraj R Chandak; Josef Coresh; Gerjan Navis; Veikko Salomaa; Bok-Ghee Han; Xiaofeng Zhu; Jaspal S Kooner; Olle Melander; Paul M Ridker; Stefania Bandinelli; Ulf B Gyllensten; Alan F Wright; James F Wilson; Luigi Ferrucci; Martin Farrall; Jaakko Tuomilehto; Peter P Pramstaller; Roberto Elosua; Nicole Soranzo; Eric J G Sijbrands; David Altshuler; Ruth J F Loos; Alan R Shuldiner; Christian Gieger; Pierre Meneton; Andre G Uitterlinden; Nicholas J Wareham; Vilmundur Gudnason; Jerome I Rotter; Rainer Rettig; Manuela Uda; David P Strachan; Jacqueline C M Witteman; Anna-Liisa Hartikainen; Jacques S Beckmann; Eric Boerwinkle; Ramachandran S Vasan; Michael Boehnke; Martin G Larson; Marjo-Riitta Järvelin; Bruce M Psaty; Gonçalo R Abecasis; Aravinda Chakravarti; Paul Elliott; Cornelia M van Duijn; Christopher Newton-Cheh; Daniel Levy; Mark J Caulfield; Toby Johnson Journal: Nature Date: 2011-09-11 Impact factor: 49.962
Authors: Gibran Hemani; Jie Zheng; Benjamin Elsworth; Tom R Gaunt; Philip C Haycock; Kaitlin H Wade; Valeriia Haberland; Denis Baird; Charles Laurin; Stephen Burgess; Jack Bowden; Ryan Langdon; Vanessa Y Tan; James Yarmolinsky; Hashem A Shihab; Nicholas J Timpson; David M Evans; Caroline Relton; Richard M Martin; George Davey Smith Journal: Elife Date: 2018-05-30 Impact factor: 8.140
Authors: Jemma C Hopewell; Sarah Parish; Alison Offer; Emma Link; Robert Clarke; Mark Lathrop; Jane Armitage; Rory Collins Journal: Eur Heart J Date: 2012-10-24 Impact factor: 29.983
Authors: Evangelos Evangelou; Helen R Warren; David Mosen-Ansorena; Borbala Mifsud; Raha Pazoki; He Gao; Georgios Ntritsos; Niki Dimou; Claudia P Cabrera; Ibrahim Karaman; Fu Liang Ng; Marina Evangelou; Katarzyna Witkowska; Evan Tzanis; Jacklyn N Hellwege; Ayush Giri; Digna R Velez Edwards; Yan V Sun; Kelly Cho; J Michael Gaziano; Peter W F Wilson; Philip S Tsao; Csaba P Kovesdy; Tonu Esko; Reedik Mägi; Lili Milani; Peter Almgren; Thibaud Boutin; Stéphanie Debette; Jun Ding; Franco Giulianini; Elizabeth G Holliday; Anne U Jackson; Ruifang Li-Gao; Wei-Yu Lin; Jian'an Luan; Massimo Mangino; Christopher Oldmeadow; Bram Peter Prins; Yong Qian; Muralidharan Sargurupremraj; Nabi Shah; Praveen Surendran; Sébastien Thériault; Niek Verweij; Sara M Willems; Jing-Hua Zhao; Philippe Amouyel; John Connell; Renée de Mutsert; Alex S F Doney; Martin Farrall; Cristina Menni; Andrew D Morris; Raymond Noordam; Guillaume Paré; Neil R Poulter; Denis C Shields; Alice Stanton; Simon Thom; Gonçalo Abecasis; Najaf Amin; Dan E Arking; Kristin L Ayers; Caterina M Barbieri; Chiara Batini; Joshua C Bis; Tineka Blake; Murielle Bochud; Michael Boehnke; Eric Boerwinkle; Dorret I Boomsma; Erwin P Bottinger; Peter S Braund; Marco Brumat; Archie Campbell; Harry Campbell; Aravinda Chakravarti; John C Chambers; Ganesh Chauhan; Marina Ciullo; Massimiliano Cocca; Francis Collins; Heather J Cordell; Gail Davies; Martin H de Borst; Eco J de Geus; Ian J Deary; Joris Deelen; Fabiola Del Greco M; Cumhur Yusuf Demirkale; Marcus Dörr; Georg B Ehret; Roberto Elosua; Stefan Enroth; A Mesut Erzurumluoglu; Teresa Ferreira; Mattias Frånberg; Oscar H Franco; Ilaria Gandin; Paolo Gasparini; Vilmantas Giedraitis; Christian Gieger; Giorgia Girotto; Anuj Goel; Alan J Gow; Vilmundur Gudnason; Xiuqing Guo; Ulf Gyllensten; Anders Hamsten; Tamara B Harris; Sarah E Harris; Catharina A Hartman; Aki S Havulinna; Andrew A Hicks; Edith Hofer; Albert Hofman; Jouke-Jan Hottenga; Jennifer E Huffman; Shih-Jen Hwang; Erik Ingelsson; Alan James; Rick Jansen; Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin; Roby Joehanes; Åsa Johansson; Andrew D Johnson; Peter K Joshi; Pekka Jousilahti; J Wouter Jukema; Antti Jula; Mika Kähönen; Sekar Kathiresan; Bernard D Keavney; Kay-Tee Khaw; Paul Knekt; Joanne Knight; Ivana Kolcic; Jaspal S Kooner; Seppo Koskinen; Kati Kristiansson; Zoltan Kutalik; Maris Laan; Marty Larson; Lenore J Launer; Benjamin Lehne; Terho Lehtimäki; David C M Liewald; Li Lin; Lars Lind; Cecilia M Lindgren; YongMei Liu; Ruth J F Loos; Lorna M Lopez; Yingchang Lu; Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen; Anubha Mahajan; Chrysovalanto Mamasoula; Jaume Marrugat; Jonathan Marten; Yuri Milaneschi; Anna Morgan; Andrew P Morris; Alanna C Morrison; Peter J Munson; Mike A Nalls; Priyanka Nandakumar; Christopher P Nelson; Teemu Niiranen; Ilja M Nolte; Teresa Nutile; Albertine J Oldehinkel; Ben A Oostra; Paul F O'Reilly; Elin Org; Sandosh Padmanabhan; Walter Palmas; Aarno Palotie; Alison Pattie; Brenda W J H Penninx; Markus Perola; Annette Peters; Ozren Polasek; Peter P Pramstaller; Quang Tri Nguyen; Olli T Raitakari; Meixia Ren; Rainer Rettig; Kenneth Rice; Paul M Ridker; Janina S Ried; Harriëtte Riese; Samuli Ripatti; Antonietta Robino; Lynda M Rose; Jerome I Rotter; Igor Rudan; Daniela Ruggiero; Yasaman Saba; Cinzia F Sala; Veikko Salomaa; Nilesh J Samani; Antti-Pekka Sarin; Reinhold Schmidt; Helena Schmidt; Nick Shrine; David Siscovick; Albert V Smith; Harold Snieder; Siim Sõber; Rossella Sorice; John M Starr; David J Stott; David P Strachan; Rona J Strawbridge; Johan Sundström; Morris A Swertz; Kent D Taylor; Alexander Teumer; Martin D Tobin; Maciej Tomaszewski; Daniela Toniolo; Michela Traglia; Stella Trompet; Jaakko Tuomilehto; Christophe Tzourio; André G Uitterlinden; Ahmad Vaez; Peter J van der Most; Cornelia M van Duijn; Anne-Claire Vergnaud; Germaine C Verwoert; Veronique Vitart; Uwe Völker; Peter Vollenweider; Dragana Vuckovic; Hugh Watkins; Sarah H Wild; Gonneke Willemsen; James F Wilson; Alan F Wright; Jie Yao; Tatijana Zemunik; Weihua Zhang; John R Attia; Adam S Butterworth; Daniel I Chasman; David Conen; Francesco Cucca; John Danesh; Caroline Hayward; Joanna M M Howson; Markku Laakso; Edward G Lakatta; Claudia Langenberg; Olle Melander; Dennis O Mook-Kanamori; Colin N A Palmer; Lorenz Risch; Robert A Scott; Rodney J Scott; Peter Sever; Tim D Spector; Pim van der Harst; Nicholas J Wareham; Eleftheria Zeggini; Daniel Levy; Patricia B Munroe; Christopher Newton-Cheh; Morris J Brown; Andres Metspalu; Adriana M Hung; Christopher J O'Donnell; Todd L Edwards; Bruce M Psaty; Ioanna Tzoulaki; Michael R Barnes; Louise V Wain; Paul Elliott; Mark J Caulfield Journal: Nat Genet Date: 2018-09-17 Impact factor: 41.307
Authors: Majid Nikpay; Anuj Goel; Hong-Hee Won; Leanne M Hall; Christina Willenborg; Stavroula Kanoni; Danish Saleheen; Theodosios Kyriakou; Christopher P Nelson; Jemma C Hopewell; Thomas R Webb; Lingyao Zeng; Abbas Dehghan; Maris Alver; Sebastian M Armasu; Kirsi Auro; Andrew Bjonnes; Daniel I Chasman; Shufeng Chen; Ian Ford; Nora Franceschini; Christian Gieger; Christopher Grace; Stefan Gustafsson; Jie Huang; Shih-Jen Hwang; Yun Kyoung Kim; Marcus E Kleber; King Wai Lau; Xiangfeng Lu; Yingchang Lu; Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen; Evelin Mihailov; Alanna C Morrison; Natalia Pervjakova; Liming Qu; Lynda M Rose; Elias Salfati; Richa Saxena; Markus Scholz; Albert V Smith; Emmi Tikkanen; Andre Uitterlinden; Xueli Yang; Weihua Zhang; Wei Zhao; Mariza de Andrade; Paul S de Vries; Natalie R van Zuydam; Sonia S Anand; Lars Bertram; Frank Beutner; George Dedoussis; Philippe Frossard; Dominique Gauguier; Alison H Goodall; Omri Gottesman; Marc Haber; Bok-Ghee Han; Jianfeng Huang; Shapour Jalilzadeh; Thorsten Kessler; Inke R König; Lars Lannfelt; Wolfgang Lieb; Lars Lind; Cecilia M Lindgren; Marja-Liisa Lokki; Patrik K Magnusson; Nadeem H Mallick; Narinder Mehra; Thomas Meitinger; Fazal-Ur-Rehman Memon; Andrew P Morris; Markku S Nieminen; Nancy L Pedersen; Annette Peters; Loukianos S Rallidis; Asif Rasheed; Maria Samuel; Svati H Shah; Juha Sinisalo; Kathleen E Stirrups; Stella Trompet; Laiyuan Wang; Khan S Zaman; Diego Ardissino; Eric Boerwinkle; Ingrid B Borecki; Erwin P Bottinger; Julie E Buring; John C Chambers; Rory Collins; L Adrienne Cupples; John Danesh; Ilja Demuth; Roberto Elosua; Stephen E Epstein; Tõnu Esko; Mary F Feitosa; Oscar H Franco; Maria Grazia Franzosi; Christopher B Granger; Dongfeng Gu; Vilmundur Gudnason; Alistair S Hall; Anders Hamsten; Tamara B Harris; Stanley L Hazen; Christian Hengstenberg; Albert Hofman; Erik Ingelsson; Carlos Iribarren; J Wouter Jukema; Pekka J Karhunen; Bong-Jo Kim; Jaspal S Kooner; Iftikhar J Kullo; Terho Lehtimäki; Ruth J F Loos; Olle Melander; Andres Metspalu; Winfried März; Colin N Palmer; Markus Perola; Thomas Quertermous; Daniel J Rader; Paul M Ridker; Samuli Ripatti; Robert Roberts; Veikko Salomaa; Dharambir K Sanghera; Stephen M Schwartz; Udo Seedorf; Alexandre F Stewart; David J Stott; Joachim Thiery; Pierre A Zalloua; Christopher J O'Donnell; Muredach P Reilly; Themistocles L Assimes; John R Thompson; Jeanette Erdmann; Robert Clarke; Hugh Watkins; Sekar Kathiresan; Ruth McPherson; Panos Deloukas; Heribert Schunkert; Nilesh J Samani; Martin Farrall Journal: Nat Genet Date: 2015-09-07 Impact factor: 38.330
Authors: Kunal N Karmali; Donald M Lloyd-Jones; Joep van der Leeuw; David C Goff; Salim Yusuf; Alberto Zanchetti; Paul Glasziou; Rodney Jackson; Mark Woodward; Anthony Rodgers; Bruce C Neal; Eivind Berge; Koon Teo; Barry R Davis; John Chalmers; Carl Pepine; Kazem Rahimi; Johan Sundström Journal: PLoS Med Date: 2018-03-20 Impact factor: 11.069
Authors: Milad Nazarzadeh; Zeinab Bidel; Dexter Canoy; Emma Copland; Malgorzata Wamil; Jeannette Majert; Karl Smith Byrne; Johan Sundström; Koon Teo; Barry R Davis; John Chalmers; Carl J Pepine; Abbas Dehghan; Derrick A Bennett; George Davey Smith; Kazem Rahimi Journal: Lancet Date: 2021-11-13 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: D Canoy; N C Harvey; D Prieto-Alhambra; C Cooper; H E Meyer; B O Åsvold; M Nazarzadeh; K Rahimi Journal: Osteoporos Int Date: 2021-10-13 Impact factor: 5.071
Authors: Qin Wang; Tom G Richardson; Eleanor Sanderson; Matthew J Tudball; Mika Ala-Korpela; George Davey Smith; Michael V Holmes Journal: Int J Epidemiol Date: 2022-08-10 Impact factor: 9.685