Lee Smith1, Jae Il Shin2, Louis Jacob3,4, Guillermo F López-Sánchez5, Hans Oh6, Yvonne Barnett7, Shahina Pardhan5, Laurie Butler8, Pinar Soysal9, Nicola Veronese10,11, Ai Koyanagi3,12. 1. The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK. Lee.Smith@aru.ac.uk. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea. 3. Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, 08830, Barcelona, Spain. 4. Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France. 5. Vision and Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University-Cambridge Campus, Cambridge, UK. 6. Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 7. Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK. 8. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK. 9. Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey. 10. Primary Care Department, Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria 3 "Serenissima", Venice, Italy. 11. Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. 12. ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
Abstract
AIM: The association between visual impairment and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has not been investigated to date. Thus, we assessed this association among older adults from six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (China, India, Ghana, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa) using nationally representative datasets. METHODS: Cross-sectional, community-based data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. Visual acuity was measured using the tumbling ElogMAR chart, and vision impairment (at distance and near) was defined as visual acuity worse than 6/18 (0.48 logMAR) in the better-seeing eye. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted. RESULTS: Data on 32,715 individuals aged ≥ 50 years [mean (SD) age 62.1 (15.6) years; 51.2% females] were analyzed. Compared to those without far or near vision impairment, those with near vision impairment but not far vision impairment (OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.16-1.52), and those with both far and near vision impairment (OR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.27-2.29) had significantly higher odds for MCI. Only having far vision impairment was not significantly associated with MCI. CONCLUSIONS: Visual impairment is associated with increased odds for MCI among older adults in LMICs with the exception of far vision impairment only. Future longitudinal and intervention studies should examine causality and whether improvements in visual acuity, or early intervention, can reduce risk for MCI and ultimately, dementia.
AIM: The association between visual impairment and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has not been investigated to date. Thus, we assessed this association among older adults from six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (China, India, Ghana, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa) using nationally representative datasets. METHODS: Cross-sectional, community-based data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. Visual acuity was measured using the tumbling ElogMAR chart, and vision impairment (at distance and near) was defined as visual acuity worse than 6/18 (0.48 logMAR) in the better-seeing eye. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted. RESULTS: Data on 32,715 individuals aged ≥ 50 years [mean (SD) age 62.1 (15.6) years; 51.2% females] were analyzed. Compared to those without far or near vision impairment, those with near vision impairment but not far vision impairment (OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.16-1.52), and those with both far and near vision impairment (OR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.27-2.29) had significantly higher odds for MCI. Only having far vision impairment was not significantly associated with MCI. CONCLUSIONS:Visual impairment is associated with increased odds for MCI among older adults in LMICs with the exception of far vision impairment only. Future longitudinal and intervention studies should examine causality and whether improvements in visual acuity, or early intervention, can reduce risk for MCI and ultimately, dementia.
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