André Hajek1, Christian Brettschneider1, Dagmar Lühmann2, Marion Eisele2, Silke Mamone3, Birgitt Wiese3, Siegfried Weyerer4, Jochen Werle4, Michael Pentzek5, Angela Fuchs5, Steffi G Riedel-Heller6, Tobias Luck6, Horst Bickel7, Dagmar Weeg7, Alexander Koppara8, Michael Wagner8,9, Martin Scherer2, Wolfgang Maier8,9, Hans-Helmut König1. 1. Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. 2. Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. 3. Institute of General Practice, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. 4. Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty, Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. 5. Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. 6. Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. 7. Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. 8. Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. 9. German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To examine how visual impairment affects physical and cognitive function in old age. DESIGN: A longitudinal population-based prospective cohort study. SETTING: General practitioner offices at six study centers in Germany. They were observed every 1.5 years over four waves. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 77-101 at follow-up Wave 2 (N = 2,394). MEASUREMENTS: Physical and cognitive function were assessed using an adapted scale that had been previously developed, and visual impairment was rated on a Likert scale (none, mild, severe or profound). RESULTS: Adjusting for sociodemographic factors and comorbidity, linear fixed-effects regression showed that the onset of severe visual impairment was associated with a decline in physical function score in the total sample (β = -0.15, P = .01) and in women (β = -.15, P = .03). Moreover, the onset of severe visual impairment was associated with decline in cognitive function score in the total sample (β = -0.38, P < .001) and in women (β = -0.38, P < .001) and men (β = -0.37, P = .001). CONCLUSION: Visual impairment affects physical and cognitive function in old age. Interventional strategies to postpone visual impairment may contribute to maintaining physical and cognitive function.
OBJECTIVES: To examine how visual impairment affects physical and cognitive function in old age. DESIGN: A longitudinal population-based prospective cohort study. SETTING: General practitioner offices at six study centers in Germany. They were observed every 1.5 years over four waves. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 77-101 at follow-up Wave 2 (N = 2,394). MEASUREMENTS: Physical and cognitive function were assessed using an adapted scale that had been previously developed, and visual impairment was rated on a Likert scale (none, mild, severe or profound). RESULTS: Adjusting for sociodemographic factors and comorbidity, linear fixed-effects regression showed that the onset of severe visual impairment was associated with a decline in physical function score in the total sample (β = -0.15, P = .01) and in women (β = -.15, P = .03). Moreover, the onset of severe visual impairment was associated with decline in cognitive function score in the total sample (β = -0.38, P < .001) and in women (β = -0.38, P < .001) and men (β = -0.37, P = .001). CONCLUSION:Visual impairment affects physical and cognitive function in old age. Interventional strategies to postpone visual impairment may contribute to maintaining physical and cognitive function.
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