Louis Jacob1,2,3, Karel Kostev4, Lee Smith5, Guillermo F López-Sánchez6, Shahina Pardhan6, Hans Oh7, Jae Il Shin8, Adel S Abduljabbar9, Josep Maria Haro10,11,9, Ai Koyanagi10,11,12. 1. Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. louis.jacob.contacts@gmail.com. 2. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. louis.jacob.contacts@gmail.com. 3. Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France. louis.jacob.contacts@gmail.com. 4. Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany. 5. The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK. 6. Vision and Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University-Cambridge Campus, Cambridge, UK. 7. Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 8. Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 9. King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 10. Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. 11. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. 12. ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between far vision impairment (objective and subjective) and perceived stress among older adults from six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs, i.e., China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa). METHODS: Data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health were analyzed. Objective visual acuity was measured using the tumbling E LogMAR chart and was used as a four-category variable (no, mild, moderate, and severe visual impairment). Subjective visual impairment referred to difficulty in seeing and recognizing an object or a person across the road. Using two questions from the Perceived Stress Scale, a perceived stress variable was computed, and ranged from 0 (lowest stress) to 100 (highest stress). Multivariable linear regression with perceived stress as the outcome was conducted. RESULTS: Data on 14,585 adults aged ≥65 years [mean (SD) age 72.6 (11.5) years; 55.0% females] were analyzed. Only severe objective visual impairment (versus no visual impairment) was significantly associated with higher levels of stress (b = 6.91; 95% CI = 0.94-12.89). In terms of subjective visual impairment, compared with no visual impairment, mild (b = 2.67; 95% CI = 0.56-4.78), moderate (b = 8.18; 95% CI = 5.84-10.52), and severe (b = 11.86; 95% CI = 9.11-14.61) visual impairment were associated with significantly higher levels of perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS: This large study showed that far vision impairment was associated with increased perceived stress levels among older adults in LMICs. Increased availability of eye care services may reduce stress among those with visual impairment in LMICs, while more research is needed to better characterize the directionality of the far vision impairment-perceived stress relationship.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between far vision impairment (objective and subjective) and perceived stress among older adults from six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs, i.e., China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa). METHODS: Data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health were analyzed. Objective visual acuity was measured using the tumbling E LogMAR chart and was used as a four-category variable (no, mild, moderate, and severe visual impairment). Subjective visual impairment referred to difficulty in seeing and recognizing an object or a person across the road. Using two questions from the Perceived Stress Scale, a perceived stress variable was computed, and ranged from 0 (lowest stress) to 100 (highest stress). Multivariable linear regression with perceived stress as the outcome was conducted. RESULTS: Data on 14,585 adults aged ≥65 years [mean (SD) age 72.6 (11.5) years; 55.0% females] were analyzed. Only severe objective visual impairment (versus no visual impairment) was significantly associated with higher levels of stress (b = 6.91; 95% CI = 0.94-12.89). In terms of subjective visual impairment, compared with no visual impairment, mild (b = 2.67; 95% CI = 0.56-4.78), moderate (b = 8.18; 95% CI = 5.84-10.52), and severe (b = 11.86; 95% CI = 9.11-14.61) visual impairment were associated with significantly higher levels of perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS: This large study showed that far vision impairment was associated with increased perceived stress levels among older adults in LMICs. Increased availability of eye care services may reduce stress among those with visual impairment in LMICs, while more research is needed to better characterize the directionality of the far vision impairment-perceived stress relationship.
Authors: Jacqueline Ramke; Jennifer Petkovic; Vivian Welch; Ilse Blignault; Clare Gilbert; Karl Blanchet; Robin Christensen; Anthony B Zwi; Peter Tugwell Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Date: 2017-11-09
Authors: Moncef Khairallah; Rim Kahloun; Rupert Bourne; Hans Limburg; Seth R Flaxman; Jost B Jonas; Jill Keeffe; Janet Leasher; Kovin Naidoo; Konrad Pesudovs; Holly Price; Richard A White; Tien Y Wong; Serge Resnikoff; Hugh R Taylor Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2015-10 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Jennifer L Y Yip; Anthony P Khawaja; David Broadway; Robert Luben; Shabina Hayat; Nichola Dalzell; Amit Bhaniani; Nicholas Wareham; Kay-Tee Khaw; Paul J Foster Journal: Br J Ophthalmol Date: 2013-12-12 Impact factor: 4.638
Authors: Ai Koyanagi; Noe Garin; Beatriz Olaya; Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos; Somnath Chatterji; Matilde Leonardi; Seppo Koskinen; Beata Tobiasz-Adamczyk; Josep Maria Haro Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-12-05 Impact factor: 3.240