Hassan Sadeghi1,2, Deborah A Jehu3,4,5, Abdolhamid Daneshjoo6, Elham Shakoor7,8, Mohsen Razeghi9, Alireza Amani10, Muhammad Nazrul Hakim11, Ashril Yusof12. 1. Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. 2. Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 3. Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 4. Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 5. Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 6. Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. 7. Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. 8. Shiraz Geriatric Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 9. School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 10. Faculty of Sports Science, Shomal University, Amol, Iran. 11. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 12. Centre for Sports and Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Poor muscle strength, balance, and functional mobility have predicted falls in older adults. Fall prevention guidelines recommend highly challenging balance training modes to decrease falls; however, it is unclear whether certain modes are more effective. The purpose of this study was to determine whether traditional balance training (BT), virtual reality balance training (VR), or combined exercise (MIX) relative to a waitlist control group (CON) would provoke greater improvements in strength, balance, and functional mobility as falls risk factor proxies for falls in older men. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that 8 weeks of MIX will provoke the greatest improvements in falls risk factors, followed by similar improvements after BT and VR, relative to the CON. STUDY DESIGN: Single-blinded randomized controlled trial NCT02778841 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2. METHODS: In total, 64 community-dwelling older men (age 71.8 ± 6.09 years) were randomly assigned into BT, VR, MIX, and CON groups and tested at baseline and at the 8-week follow-up. The training groups exercised for 40 minutes, 3 times per week, for 8 weeks. Isokinetic quadriceps and hamstrings strength on the dominant and nondominant legs were primary outcomes measured by the Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer. Secondary outcomes included 1-legged stance on firm and foam surfaces, tandem stance, the timed-up-and-go, and gait speed. Separate one-way analyses of covariance between groups were conducted for each outcome using baseline scores as covariates. RESULTS: (1) MIX elicited greater improvements in strength, balance, and functional mobility relative to BT, VR, and CON; (2) VR exhibited better balance and functional mobility relative to BT and CON; and (3) BT demonstrated better balance and functional mobility relative to CON. CONCLUSION: The moderate to large effect sizes in strength and large effect sizes for balance and functional mobility underline that MIX is an effective method to improve falls risk among older adults. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study forms the basis for a larger trial powered for falls.
BACKGROUND: Poor muscle strength, balance, and functional mobility have predicted falls in older adults. Fall prevention guidelines recommend highly challenging balance training modes to decrease falls; however, it is unclear whether certain modes are more effective. The purpose of this study was to determine whether traditional balance training (BT), virtual reality balance training (VR), or combined exercise (MIX) relative to a waitlist control group (CON) would provoke greater improvements in strength, balance, and functional mobility as falls risk factor proxies for falls in older men. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that 8 weeks of MIX will provoke the greatest improvements in falls risk factors, followed by similar improvements after BT and VR, relative to the CON. STUDY DESIGN: Single-blinded randomized controlled trial NCT02778841 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2. METHODS: In total, 64 community-dwelling older men (age 71.8 ± 6.09 years) were randomly assigned into BT, VR, MIX, and CON groups and tested at baseline and at the 8-week follow-up. The training groups exercised for 40 minutes, 3 times per week, for 8 weeks. Isokinetic quadriceps and hamstrings strength on the dominant and nondominant legs were primary outcomes measured by the Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer. Secondary outcomes included 1-legged stance on firm and foam surfaces, tandem stance, the timed-up-and-go, and gait speed. Separate one-way analyses of covariance between groups were conducted for each outcome using baseline scores as covariates. RESULTS: (1) MIX elicited greater improvements in strength, balance, and functional mobility relative to BT, VR, and CON; (2) VR exhibited better balance and functional mobility relative to BT and CON; and (3) BT demonstrated better balance and functional mobility relative to CON. CONCLUSION: The moderate to large effect sizes in strength and large effect sizes for balance and functional mobility underline that MIX is an effective method to improve falls risk among older adults. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study forms the basis for a larger trial powered for falls.
Authors: Gregory F Marchetti; Jennica Bellanca; Susan L Whitney; James Chia-Cheng Lin; Mark C Musolino; Gabriel R Furman; Mark S Redfern Journal: J Vestib Res Date: 2013 Impact factor: 2.435
Authors: Matthew J Rossman; Ryan S Garten; Massimo Venturelli; Markus Amann; Russell S Richardson Journal: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Date: 2014-04-16 Impact factor: 3.619
Authors: Bradley D Lloyd; Dominique A Williamson; Nalin A Singh; Ross D Hansen; Terrence H Diamond; Terence P Finnegan; Barry J Allen; Jodie N Grady; Theodora M Stavrinos; Emma U R Smith; Ashish D Diwan; Maria A Fiatarone Singh Journal: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci Date: 2009-03-05 Impact factor: 6.053
Authors: Jana De Brandt; Martijn A Spruit; Dominique Hansen; Frits Me Franssen; Wim Derave; Maurice Jh Sillen; Chris Burtin Journal: Chron Respir Dis Date: 2017-06-05 Impact factor: 2.444
Authors: Marianna De Maio; Cecilia Bratta; Alice Iannaccone; Loriana Castellani; Carl Foster; Cristina Cortis; Andrea Fusco Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-04-04 Impact factor: 3.390