Marian Jarlenski1, Joo Yeon Kim, Katherine A Ahrens, Lindsay Allen, Anna Austin, Andrew J Barnes, Dushka Crane, Paul Lanier, Rachel Mauk, Shamis Mohamoud, Nathan Pauly, Jeffrey Talbert, Kara Zivin, Julie M Donohue. 1. Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA (MJ, JYK, JMD); Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME (KAA); Department of Health Policy, Management, and Leadership, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV (LA); Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC (AA); Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA (AJB); Ohio Colleges of Medicine Government Resource Center, Columbus, OH (DC, RM); School of Social Work, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (PL); The Hilltop Institute, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD (SM); Office of Health Affairs, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV (NP); Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY (JT); Departments of Psychiatry and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI (KZ); Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI (KZ).
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: State Medicaid programs are the largest single provider of healthcare for pregnant persons with opioid use disorder (OUD). Our objective was to provide comparable, multistate measures estimating the burden of OUD in pregnancy, medication for OUD (MOUD) in pregnancy, and related neonatal and child outcomes. METHODS: Drawing on the Medicaid Outcomes Distributed Research Network (MODRN), we accessed administrative healthcare data for 1.6 million pregnancies and 1.3 million live births in 9 state Medicaid populations from 2014 to 2017. We analyzed within- and between-state prevalences and time trends in the following outcomes: diagnosis of OUD in pregnancy, initiation, and continuity of MOUD in pregnancy, Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS), and well-child visit utilization among children with NOWS. RESULTS: OUD diagnosis increased from 49.6 per 1000 to 54.1 per 1000 pregnancies, and the percentage of those with any MOUD in pregnancy increased from 53.4% to 57.9%, during our study time period. State-specific percentages of 180-day continuity of MOUD ranged from 41.2% to 84.5%. The rate of neonates diagnosed with NOWS increased from 32.7 to 37.0 per 1000 live births. State-specific percentages of children diagnosed with NOWS who had the recommended well-child visits in the first 15 months ranged from 39.3% to 62.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Medicaid data, which allow for longitudinal surveillance of care across different settings, can be used to monitor OUD and related pregnancy and child health outcomes. Findings highlight the need for public health efforts to improve care for pregnant persons and children affected by OUD.
OBJECTIVES: State Medicaid programs are the largest single provider of healthcare for pregnant persons with opioid use disorder (OUD). Our objective was to provide comparable, multistate measures estimating the burden of OUD in pregnancy, medication for OUD (MOUD) in pregnancy, and related neonatal and child outcomes. METHODS: Drawing on the Medicaid Outcomes Distributed Research Network (MODRN), we accessed administrative healthcare data for 1.6 million pregnancies and 1.3 million live births in 9 state Medicaid populations from 2014 to 2017. We analyzed within- and between-state prevalences and time trends in the following outcomes: diagnosis of OUD in pregnancy, initiation, and continuity of MOUD in pregnancy, Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS), and well-child visit utilization among children with NOWS. RESULTS: OUD diagnosis increased from 49.6 per 1000 to 54.1 per 1000 pregnancies, and the percentage of those with any MOUD in pregnancy increased from 53.4% to 57.9%, during our study time period. State-specific percentages of 180-day continuity of MOUD ranged from 41.2% to 84.5%. The rate of neonates diagnosed with NOWS increased from 32.7 to 37.0 per 1000 live births. State-specific percentages of children diagnosed with NOWS who had the recommended well-child visits in the first 15 months ranged from 39.3% to 62.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Medicaid data, which allow for longitudinal surveillance of care across different settings, can be used to monitor OUD and related pregnancy and child health outcomes. Findings highlight the need for public health efforts to improve care for pregnant persons and children affected by OUD.
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