The COVID-19, caused by a novel coronavirus, was declared as a global pandemic by WHO more than five months ago, and we are still experiencing a state of global emergency. More than 74.30 million confirmed cases of the COVID-19 have been reported globally so far, with an average fatality rate of almost 3.0%. Seven different types of coronaviruses had been detected from humans; three of them have resulted in severe outbreaks, i.e., MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Phylogenetic analysis of the genomes suggests the possible occurrence of recombination between SARS-like-CoVs from pangolin and bat might have led to the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 outbreak. Coronaviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses and harbour a genome (30 kb) consisting of two terminal untranslated regions and twelve putative functional open reading frames (ORFs), encoding for non-structural and structural proteins. There are sixteen putative non-structural proteins, including proteases, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, helicase, other proteins involved in the transcription and replication of SARS-CoV-2, and four structural proteins, including spike protein (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N). SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a heavy viral load in the body, destroys the human lungs through cytokine storm, especially in elderly persons and people with immunosuppressed disorders. A number of drugs have been repurposed and employed, but still, no specific antiviral medicine has been approved by the FDA to treat this disease. This review provides a current status of the COVID-19, epidemiology, an overview of phylogeny, mode of action, diagnosis, and possible treatment methods and vaccines.
The COVID-19, caused by a n class="Species">novel coronavirus, was declared as a global pandemic by WHO more than five months ago, and we are still experiencing a state of global emergency. More than 74.30 million confirmed cases of the COVID-19 have been reported globally so far, with an average fatality rate of almost 3.0%. Seven different types of coronaviruses had been detected from humans; three of them have resulted in severe outbreaks, i.e., MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Phylogenetic analysis of the genomes suggests the possible occurrence of recombination between SARS-like-CoVs from pangolin and bat might have led to the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 outbreak. Coronaviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses and harbour a genome (30 kb) consisting of two terminal untranslated regions and twelve putative functional open reading frames (ORFs), encoding for non-structural and structural proteins. There are sixteen putative non-structural proteins, including proteases, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, helicase, other proteins involved in the transcription and replication of SARS-CoV-2, and four structural proteins, including spike protein (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N). SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a heavy viral load in the body, destroys the human lungs through cytokine storm, especially in elderly persons and people with immunosuppressed disorders. A number of drugs have been repurposed and employed, but still, no specific antiviral medicine has been approved by the FDA to treat this disease. This review provides a current status of the COVID-19, epidemiology, an overview of phylogeny, mode of action, diagnosis, and possible treatment methods and vaccines.
Authors: Nawneet Mishra; Joan Teyra; RuthMabel Boytz; Shane Miersch; Trudy N Merritt; Lia Cardarelli; Maryna Gorelik; Filip Mihalic; Per Jemth; Robert A Davey; Sachdev S Sidhu; Daisy W Leung; Gaya K Amarasinghe Journal: J Mol Biol Date: 2022-04-08 Impact factor: 6.151
Authors: Ana C Puhl; Giovanni F Gomes; Samara Damasceno; Andre S Godoy; Gabriela D Noske; Aline M Nakamura; Victor O Gawriljuk; Rafaela S Fernandes; Natalia Monakhova; Olga Riabova; Thomas R Lane; Vadim Makarov; Flavio P Veras; Sabrina S Batah; Alexandre T Fabro; Glaucius Oliva; Fernando Q Cunha; José C Alves-Filho; Thiago M Cunha; Sean Ekins Journal: ACS Infect Dis Date: 2022-05-24 Impact factor: 5.578
Authors: Ana C Puhl; Giovanni F Gomes; Samara Damasceno; Ethan J Fritch; James A Levi; Nicole J Johnson; Frank Scholle; Lakshmanane Premkumar; Brett L Hurst; Felipe LeeMontiel; Flavio P Veras; Sabrina S Batah; Alexandre T Fabro; Nathaniel J Moorman; Boyd L Yount; Rebekah Dickmander; Ralph Baric; Kenneth H Pearce; Fernando Q Cunha; José C Alves-Filho; Thiago M Cunha; Sean Ekins Journal: bioRxiv Date: 2021-12-20
Authors: Zuzana Dankova; Elena Novakova; Maria Skerenova; Veronika Holubekova; Vincent Lucansky; Dana Dvorska; Dusan Brany; Zuzana Kolkova; Jan Strnadel; Sandra Mersakova; Katarina Janikova; Marek Samec; Michal Pokusa; Martin Petras; Miroslava Sarlinova; Ivana Kasubova; Dusan Loderer; Vladimira Sadlonova; Jana Kompanikova; Nina Kotlebova; Adriana Kompanikova; Martina Hrnciarova; Andrea Stanclova; Martina Antosova; Anton Dzian; Vladimir Nosal; Ivan Kocan; Dalibor Murgas; Dusan Krkoska; Andrea Calkovska; Erika Halasova Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-07-01 Impact factor: 3.390