| Literature DB >> 33364658 |
Lothar Schmechel Dobke1, João Artur Bonadiman1, Osmar Valadão Lopes1, Paulo Renato Saggin1, Charles Leonardo Israel2,3, Leandro de Freitas Spinelli4,2,3,5.
Abstract
Objective To evaluate different femoral fixation devices for medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction and compare their effectiveness regarding fixation strength up to failure in porcine knees. Methods Thirty porcine knees were used, divided into three groups of 10 knees. The removed grafts were dissected from the extensor tendons of porcine feet. In each group, the graft was fixed to the femur with an interference screw, an anchor, or adductor tenodesis. The three methods were subjected to biomechanical tests using a universal Tensile testing machine at a speed of 20 mm/minute. Results The highest average linear resistance under lateral traction occurred in group 1, "screw fixation" (185.45 ± 41.22 N), followed by group 2, "anchor fixation" (152.97 ± 49, 43 N); the lower average was observed in group 3, "tenodesis fixation" (76.69 ± 18.90 N). According to the fixed error margin (5%), there was a significant difference between groups ( p < 0.001); in addition, multiple comparison tests (between group pairs) also showed significant differences. Variability was small, since the variance coefficient was lower than 33.3%. Conclusion Interference screws in bone tunnels and mountable anchors fixation with high resistance wire are strong enough for femoral fixation in porcine medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction. Adductor tenodesis, however, was deemed fragile for such purpose. Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).Entities:
Keywords: animal models; biomechanical phenomena; joint ligaments; orthopedic fixation devices; patellofemoral joint; suture technique
Year: 2020 PMID: 33364658 PMCID: PMC7748938 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1708520
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 0102-3616
Fig. 1Anterior view of a left porcine femur with a perpendicular graft under traction on the universal traction testing machine. Authors, 2017.
Strength in each fixation group
| Group | Mean (N) | Standard deviation (N) | Variation coefficient (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Screw | 185.45 (A) | 41.22 | 22.23 |
| 2 Anchor | 152.97 (B) | 49.43 | 32.31 |
| 3 Tenodesis | 76.69 (C) | 18.90 | 24.64 |
|
|
|
(*) Statistically significant difference at 5%.
Kruskal-Wallis test comparisons.
Distinct superscript letters indicate significant difference between corresponding groups.
Fig. 2Maximum femoral traction force in group 1: Screw fixation. Authors, 2017.
Fig. 3Maximum femoral traction force in group 2: Anchor fixation. Authors, 2017.
Fig. 4Maximum femoral traction force in group 3: Tenodesis fixation. Authors, 2017.
Medial femoral condyle sagittal axis width in each group
| Group | Mean (mm) | Standard deviation (mm) | Variation coefficient (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Screw | 69.00 | 3.09 | 4.48 |
| 2 Anchor | 68.90 | 2.77 | 4.02 |
| 3 Tenodesis | 68.40 | 1.78 | 2.60 |
Failure types in each fixation method
| Failure type | Screw | Anchor | Tenodesis |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | N | N | |
| Graft sliding into femoral tunnel | 6 | – | – |
| Graft rupture | 4 | 2 | 10 |
| Anchor wire rupture | – | 8 | – |
|
|
|
|
|
(N) = Number of samples.
Fig. 1Visão anterior de fêmur suíno esquerdo com enxerto sendo testado colocado perpendicularmente sob tração na máquina universal de ensaio de tração. Autores, 2017.
Resultados da força encontrados e distribuídos conforme o grupo de fixação
| Grupo | Média (N) | Desvio padrão (N) | Coeficiente de variação (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Parafuso | 185,45 (A) | 41,22 | 22,23 |
| 2 Âncora | 152,97 (B) | 49,43 | 32,31 |
| 3 Tenodese | 76,69 (C) | 18,90 | 24,64 |
|
|
|
(*) Diferença estatisticamente significativa a 5%.
Através do teste Kruskal-Wallis com comparações do referido teste.
Se as letras subscritas são distintas, se comprova diferença significativa entre os grupos correspondentes.
Fig. 2Valores máximos alcançados da força de tração por fêmur analisado no grupo 1: Fixação por parafuso. Autores, 2017.
Fig. 3Valores máximos alcançados da força de tração por fêmur analisado no grupo 2: Fixação por âncora. Autores, 2017.
Fig. 4Valores máximos alcançados da força de tração por fêmur analisado no grupo 3: Fixação por tenodese. Autores, 2017.
Valores da largura do eixo sagital do côndilo femoral medial distribuídos em cada grupo
| Grupo | Média (N) | Desvio padrão (N) | Coeficiente de Variação (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Parafuso | 69,00 | 3,09 | 4,48 |
| 2 Âncora | 68,90 | 2,77 | 4,02 |
| 3 Tenodese | 68,40 | 1,78 | 2,60 |
Tipos de falha distribuídos conforme o tipo de fixação
| Tipos de falha | Parafusos | Âncora | Tenodese |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | N | N | |
| Deslizamento do enxerto no túnel femoral | 6 | – | – |
| Ruptura do enxerto | 4 | 2 | 10 |
| Ruptura do fio de ancoragem | – | 8 | – |
|
|
|
|
|
(N) = número de amostras.