Jelle Man1, Jos Maessen1,2, Peyman Sardari Nia1,2. 1. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands. 2. Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, Netherlands.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Simulation-based training has shown to be effective in training new surgical skills. The objective of this study is to develop a flexible 3-dimensional (3D)-printed heart model that can serve as a foundation for the simulation of multiple cardiovascular procedures. METHODS: Using a pre-existing digital heart model, 3D transoesophageal echocardiography scans and a thoracic CT scan, a full volume new heart model was developed. The valves were removed from this model, and the internal structures were remodelled to make way for insertable patient-specific structures. Groves at the location of the coronaries were created using extrusion tools in a computer-modelling program. The heart was hollowed to create a more flexible model. A suitable material and thickness was determined using prior test prints. An aortic root and valve was built by segmenting the root from a thoracic CT scan and a valve from a transoesophageal echocardiogram. Segmentations were smoothed, small holes in the valves were filled and surrounding structures were removed to make the objects suitable for 3D printing. RESULTS: A hollow 3D-printed heart model with the wall thicknesses of 1.5 mm and spaces to insert coronary arteries, valves and aortic roots in various sizes was successfully printed in flexible material. CONCLUSIONS: A flexible 3D-printed model of the heart was developed onto which patient-specific cardiac structures can be attached to simulate multiple procedures. This model can be used as a platform for surgical simulation of various cardiovascular procedures.
OBJECTIVES: Simulation-based training has shown to be effective in training new surgical skills. The objective of this study is to develop a flexible 3-dimensional (3D)-printed heart model that can serve as a foundation for the simulation of multiple cardiovascular procedures. METHODS: Using a pre-existing digital heart model, 3D transoesophageal echocardiography scans and a thoracic CT scan, a full volume new heart model was developed. The valves were removed from this model, and the internal structures were remodelled to make way for insertable patient-specific structures. Groves at the location of the coronaries were created using extrusion tools in a computer-modelling program. The heart was hollowed to create a more flexible model. A suitable material and thickness was determined using prior test prints. An aortic root and valve was built by segmenting the root from a thoracic CT scan and a valve from a transoesophageal echocardiogram. Segmentations were smoothed, small holes in the valves were filled and surrounding structures were removed to make the objects suitable for 3D printing. RESULTS: A hollow 3D-printed heart model with the wall thicknesses of 1.5 mm and spaces to insert coronary arteries, valves and aortic roots in various sizes was successfully printed in flexible material. CONCLUSIONS: A flexible 3D-printed model of the heart was developed onto which patient-specific cardiac structures can be attached to simulate multiple procedures. This model can be used as a platform for surgical simulation of various cardiovascular procedures.
Authors: Paul G Gauger; Linnea S Hauge; Pamela B Andreatta; Stanley J Hamstra; Miranda L Hillard; Eamonn P Arble; Steven J Kasten; Patricia B Mullan; Paul S Cederna; Rebecca M Minter Journal: Am J Surg Date: 2010-01 Impact factor: 2.565
Authors: John P Costello; Laura J Olivieri; Axel Krieger; Omar Thabit; M Blair Marshall; Shi-Joon Yoo; Peter C Kim; Richard A Jonas; Dilip S Nath Journal: World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg Date: 2014-07
Authors: Adam B Scanlan; Alex V Nguyen; Anna Ilina; Andras Lasso; Linnea Cripe; Anusha Jegatheeswaran; Elizabeth Silvestro; Francis X McGowan; Christopher E Mascio; Stephanie Fuller; Thomas L Spray; Meryl S Cohen; Gabor Fichtinger; Matthew A Jolley Journal: Pediatr Cardiol Date: 2017-11-27 Impact factor: 1.655
Authors: Bryan M Burt; Andrew W ElBardissi; Robert S Huckman; Lawrence H Cohn; Marisa W Cevasco; James D Rawn; Sary F Aranki; John G Byrne Journal: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Date: 2015-08-01 Impact factor: 5.209
Authors: Jean H T Daemen; Samuel Heuts; Jules R Olsthoorn; Jos G Maessen; Peyman Sardari Nia Journal: Eur J Cardiothorac Surg Date: 2019-03-01 Impact factor: 4.191
Authors: Ivan Lau; Yin How Wong; Chai Hong Yeong; Yang Faridah Abdul Aziz; Nor Ashikin Md Sari; Shahrul Amry Hashim; Zhonghua Sun Journal: Quant Imaging Med Surg Date: 2019-01