Deepak Prabhakar1, Edward L Peterson2, Yong Hu3, Simran Chawa4, Rebecca C Rossom5, Frances L Lynch6, Christine Y Lu7, Beth E Waitzfelder8, Ashli A Owen-Smith9, L Keoki Williams10, Arne Beck11, Gregory E Simon12, Brian K Ahmedani3. 1. Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, MD, USA. 2. Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA. 3. Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (CHSR), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA. 4. Behavioral Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA. 5. Health Partners Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. 6. Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA. 7. Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 8. Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Honolulu, HI, USA. 9. Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, GA, USA. 10. Center of Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA. 11. Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, CO, USA. 12. Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente, Seattle, WA, USA.
Abstract
Background: In the US, more than one million people attempt suicide each year. History of suicide attempt is a significant risk factor for death by suicide; however, there is a paucity of data from the US general population on this relationship. Aim: The objective of this study was to examine suicide attempts needing medical attention as a risk for suicide death. Method: We conducted a case-control study involving eight US healthcare systems. A total of 2,674 individuals who died by suicide from 2000 to 2013 were matched to 267,400 individuals by year and location. Results: Prior suicide attempt associated with a medical visit increases risk for suicide death by 39.1 times, particularly for women (OR = 79.2). However, only 11.3% of suicide deaths were associated with an attempt that required medical attention. The association was the strongest for children 10-14 years old (OR = 98.0). Most suicide attempts were recorded during the 20-week period prior to death. Limitations: Our study is limited to suicide attempts for which individuals sought medical care. Conclusion: In the US, prior suicide attempt is associated with an increased risk of suicide death; the risk is high especially during the period immediately following a nonlethal attempt.
Background: In the US, more than one million people attempt suicide each year. History of suicide attempt is a significant risk factor for death by suicide; however, there is a paucity of data from the US general population on this relationship. Aim: The objective of this study was to examine suicide attempts needing medical attention as a risk for suicide death. Method: We conducted a case-control study involving eight US healthcare systems. A total of 2,674 individuals who died by suicide from 2000 to 2013 were matched to 267,400 individuals by year and location. Results: Prior suicide attempt associated with a medical visit increases risk for suicide death by 39.1 times, particularly for women (OR = 79.2). However, only 11.3% of suicide deaths were associated with an attempt that required medical attention. The association was the strongest for children 10-14 years old (OR = 98.0). Most suicide attempts were recorded during the 20-week period prior to death. Limitations: Our study is limited to suicide attempts for which individuals sought medical care. Conclusion: In the US, prior suicide attempt is associated with an increased risk of suicide death; the risk is high especially during the period immediately following a nonlethal attempt.
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