Johanna Thunell1, Yi Chen2, Geoffrey Joyce3, Douglas Barthold4, Paul G Shekelle5, Roberta Diaz Brinton6, Julie Zissimopoulos7. 1. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. 2. Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. 3. School of Pharmacy, Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. 4. The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. 5. UCLA School of Medicine, VA Medical Center, RAND Corporation, Los Angeles, California, USA. 6. Department of Pharmacology and Neurology, Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. 7. Price School of Public Policy, Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Most older Americans use drug therapies for chronic conditions. Several are associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). METHODS: A scoping review was used to identify drug classes associated with increasing or decreasing ADRD risk. We analyzed size, type, and findings of the evidence. RESULTS: We identified 29 drug classes across 11 therapeutic areas, and 404 human studies. Most common were studies on drugs for hypertension (93) or hyperlipidemia (81). Fewer than five studies were identified for several anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Evidence was observational only for beta blockers, proton pump inhibitors, benzodiazepines, and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. For 13 drug classes, 50% or more of the studies reported consistent direction of effect on risk of ADRD. DISCUSSION: Future research targeting drug classes with limited/non-robust evidence, examining sex, racial heterogeneity, and separating classes by molecule, will facilitate understanding of associated risk, and inform clinical and policy efforts to alleviate the growing impact of ADRD.
INTRODUCTION: Most older Americans use drug therapies for chronic conditions. Several are associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). METHODS: A scoping review was used to identify drug classes associated with increasing or decreasing ADRD risk. We analyzed size, type, and findings of the evidence. RESULTS: We identified 29 drug classes across 11 therapeutic areas, and 404 human studies. Most common were studies on drugs for hypertension (93) or hyperlipidemia (81). Fewer than five studies were identified for several anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Evidence was observational only for beta blockers, proton pump inhibitors, benzodiazepines, and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. For 13 drug classes, 50% or more of the studies reported consistent direction of effect on risk of ADRD. DISCUSSION: Future research targeting drug classes with limited/non-robust evidence, examining sex, racial heterogeneity, and separating classes by molecule, will facilitate understanding of associated risk, and inform clinical and policy efforts to alleviate the growing impact of ADRD.
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