Cloning of the alpha chain of human platelet glycoprotein Ib: a transmembrane protein with homology to leucine-rich alpha 2-glycoprotein.

Glycoprotein Ib is a surface membrane glycoprotein of platelets that functions as a receptor for von Willebrand factor. It is a heterodimer composed of an alpha and a beta chain linked by a disulfide bond(s). A phage lambda gt11 cDNA expression library prepared from mRNA from a human erythroleukemia cell line, HEL, was screened using an affinity-purified antibody to the glycocalicin portion of the alpha chain of glycoprotein Ib. Eleven positive clones were isolated and plaque-purified. The largest cDNA insert was 2420 nucleotides in length and coded for a leader sequence of 16 amino acids, a mature protein of 610 amino acids, and a stop codon. It also contained 42 nucleotides of 5' noncoding sequence and 497 nucleotides of 3' noncoding sequence, including a poly(A) tail. The amino acid sequence of the alpha chain of GPIb predicted from the cDNA agreed completely with the sequence of 156 amino acids that was determined by Edman degradation of peptides isolated from human platelet glycocalicin after digestion with trypsin or Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. The extracytoplasmic domain of the alpha subunit of GPIb contains several noteworthy structural features, including a region of seven tandem repeats of 24 amino acids that are homologous with those present in leucine-rich alpha 2-glycoprotein. The extracytoplasmic domain also contains two hydrophilic regions, one rich in charged amino acids and a second rich in serine and threonine residues. The region rich in serine and threonine includes five repeats of nine amino acids as well as the majority of the O-linked carbohydrate sites present in the molecule. The extracytoplasmic domain is followed by a potential transmembrane segment of approximately 29 amino acids and a potential intracellular domain of approximately 100 amino acids located at the carboxyl end of the molecule.