Shakti A Goel1, Vicky Varghese2, Tyfik Demir3. 1. Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India. 2. TOBB Economics, and Technology University Mechanical Engineering Department.Ankara, Turkey. 3. Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Back pain is a common ailment affecting individuals around the globe. Animal models to understand the back pain mechanism, treatment modalities, and spinal cord injury are widely researched topics worldwide. Despite the presence of several animal models on disc degeneration and Spinal Cord Injury, there is a lack of a comprehensive review. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A methodological narrative literature review was carried out for the study. A total of 1273 publications were found, out of which 763 were related to spine surgery in animals. The literature with full-text availability was selected for the review. Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) guidelines was used to assess the studies. Only English language publications were included which were listed on PubMed. A total of 113 studies were shortlisted (1976-2019) after internal validation scoring. RESULT: The animal models for spine surgery ranged from rodents to primates. These are used to study the mechanisms of back pain as well as spinal cord injuries. The models could either be created surgically or through various means like use of electric cautery, chemicals or trauma. Genetic spine models have also been documented in which the injuries are created by genetic alterations and knock outs. Though the dorsal approach is the most common, the literature also mentions the anterior and lateral approach for spine surgery animal experiments. CONCLUSION: There are no single perfect animal models to represent and study human models. The selection is based on the application and the methodology. Careful selection is needed to give optimum and appropriate results.
INTRODUCTION: Back pain is a common ailment affecting individuals around the globe. Animal models to understand the back pain mechanism, treatment modalities, and spinal cord injury are widely researched topics worldwide. Despite the presence of several animal models on disc degeneration and Spinal Cord Injury, there is a lack of a comprehensive review. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A methodological narrative literature review was carried out for the study. A total of 1273 publications were found, out of which 763 were related to spine surgery in animals. The literature with full-text availability was selected for the review. Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) guidelines was used to assess the studies. Only English language publications were included which were listed on PubMed. A total of 113 studies were shortlisted (1976-2019) after internal validation scoring. RESULT: The animal models for spine surgery ranged from rodents to primates. These are used to study the mechanisms of back pain as well as spinal cord injuries. The models could either be created surgically or through various means like use of electric cautery, chemicals or trauma. Genetic spine models have also been documented in which the injuries are created by genetic alterations and knock outs. Though the dorsal approach is the most common, the literature also mentions the anterior and lateral approach for spine surgery animal experiments. CONCLUSION: There are no single perfect animal models to represent and study human models. The selection is based on the application and the methodology. Careful selection is needed to give optimum and appropriate results.
Authors: Tony Goldschlager; Jeffrey V Rosenfeld; Peter Ghosh; Silviu Itescu; Carl Blecher; Catriona McLean; Graham Jenkin Journal: Spine (Phila Pa 1976) Date: 2011-04-15 Impact factor: 3.468
Authors: Yejia Zhang; Susan Drapeau; Howard S An; Dessislava Markova; Brett A Lenart; D Greg Anderson Journal: Spine (Phila Pa 1976) Date: 2011-09-01 Impact factor: 3.468
Authors: Koichi Masuda; Yoichi Aota; Carol Muehleman; Yoshiyuki Imai; Masahiko Okuma; Eugene J Thonar; Gunnar B Andersson; Howard S An Journal: Spine (Phila Pa 1976) Date: 2005-01-01 Impact factor: 3.468