Federico M Ghirimoldi1, Susanne Schmidt1, Richard C Simon1, Chen-Pin Wang1,2, Zhu Wang1, Bradley B Brimhall1,3, Paul Damien4, Eric E Moffett1, Laura S Manuel1, Zaheer U Sarwar1, Paula K Shireman5,6,7. 1. Long School of Medicine, Departments of Surgery, Population Health Sciences and Pathology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7741, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA. 2. South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA. 3. University Health System, San Antonio, TX, USA. 4. McCombs School of Business, Department of Information, Risk, & Operations Management, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA. 5. Long School of Medicine, Departments of Surgery, Population Health Sciences and Pathology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7741, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA. Shireman@uthscsa.edu. 6. South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA. Shireman@uthscsa.edu. 7. University Health System, San Antonio, TX, USA. Shireman@uthscsa.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Risk adjustment for reimbursement and quality measures omits social risk factors despite adversely affecting health outcomes. Social risk factors are not usually available in electronic health records (EHR) or administrative data. Socioeconomic status can be assessed by using US Census data. Distressed Communities Index (DCI) is based upon zip codes, and the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) provides more granular estimates at the block group level. We examined the association of neighborhood disadvantage using the ADI, DCI, and patient-level insurance status on 30-day readmission risk after colorectal surgery. METHODS: Our 677 patient cohort was derived from the 2013-2017 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program at a safety net hospital augmented with EHR data to determine insurance status and 30-day readmissions. Patients' home addresses were linked to the ADI and DCI. RESULTS: Our cohort consisted of 53.9% males and 63.8% Hispanics with a 22.9% 30-day readmission rate from the date of discharge; > 50% lived in highly deprived neighborhoods. Controlling for medical comorbidities and complications, ADI was associated with increased risk of 30 days from the date of discharge readmissions among patients living in medium (OR = 2.15, p = .02) or high (OR = 1.88, p = .03) deprived areas compared to less-deprived neighborhoods, but not insurance status or DCI. CONCLUSIONS: The ADI identified patients living in deprived communities with increased readmission risk. Our results show that block-group level ADI can potentially be used in risk adjustment, to identify high-risk patients and to design better care pathways that improve health outcomes.
BACKGROUND: Risk adjustment for reimbursement and quality measures omits social risk factors despite adversely affecting health outcomes. Social risk factors are not usually available in electronic health records (EHR) or administrative data. Socioeconomic status can be assessed by using US Census data. Distressed Communities Index (DCI) is based upon zip codes, and the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) provides more granular estimates at the block group level. We examined the association of neighborhood disadvantage using the ADI, DCI, and patient-level insurance status on 30-day readmission risk after colorectal surgery. METHODS: Our 677 patient cohort was derived from the 2013-2017 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program at a safety net hospital augmented with EHR data to determine insurance status and 30-day readmissions. Patients' home addresses were linked to the ADI and DCI. RESULTS: Our cohort consisted of 53.9% males and 63.8% Hispanics with a 22.9% 30-day readmission rate from the date of discharge; > 50% lived in highly deprived neighborhoods. Controlling for medical comorbidities and complications, ADI was associated with increased risk of 30 days from the date of discharge readmissions among patients living in medium (OR = 2.15, p = .02) or high (OR = 1.88, p = .03) deprived areas compared to less-deprived neighborhoods, but not insurance status or DCI. CONCLUSIONS: The ADI identified patients living in deprived communities with increased readmission risk. Our results show that block-group level ADI can potentially be used in risk adjustment, to identify high-risk patients and to design better care pathways that improve health outcomes.
Entities:
Keywords:
Colectomy; Distressed communities index; National Surgical Quality Improvement Program; Outcomes; Social risk factors
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