McKenna C Eastment1, Jennifer E Balkus2,3,4, Barbra A Richardson2,5,4, Sujatha Srinivasan4, Joshua Kimani6, Omu Anzala7, Jane Schwebke8, Tina L Fiedler4, David N Fredricks1,4, R Scott McClelland1,2,3,6. 1. University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA. 2. Department of Global Health, Seattle, Washington, USA. 3. Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, Washington, USA. 4. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, Washington, USA. 5. Department of Biostatistics, Seattle, Washington, USA. 6. University of Nairobi, Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya. 7. Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative (KAVI)-Institute of Clinical Research, Nairobi, Kenya. 8. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Infectious Diseases, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vaginal yeast is frequently found with Lactobacillus-dominant microbiota. The relationship between vaginal yeast and other bacteria has not been well characterized. METHODS: These analyses utilized data from the Preventing Vaginal Infections trial. Relative abundance of vaginal bacteria from 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene amplicon sequencing and quantities of 10 vaginal bacteria using taxon-directed polymerase chain reaction assays were compared at visits with and without detection of yeast on microscopy, culture, or both. RESULTS: Higher relative abundances of Megasphaera species type 1 (risk ratio [RR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-0.95), Megasphaera species type 2 (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67-0.98), and Mageeibacillus indolicus (RR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.25-0.83) were associated with lower risk of detecting yeast. In contrast, higher relative abundances of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Aerococcus christensenii, Lactobacillus mucosae, Streptococcus equinus/infantarius/lutentiensis, Prevotella bivia, Dialister propionicifaciens, and Lactobacillus crispatus/helveticus were associated with yeast detection. Taxon-directed assays confirmed that increasing quantities of both Megasphaera species and M indolicus were associated with lower risk of detecting yeast, whereas increasing quantities of L crispatus were associated with higher risk of detecting yeast. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an analysis that examined associations between multiple vaginal bacteria and the presence of yeast, only a small number of vaginal bacteria were strongly and significantly associated with the presence or absence of yeast.
BACKGROUND: Vaginal yeast is frequently found with Lactobacillus-dominant microbiota. The relationship between vaginal yeast and other bacteria has not been well characterized. METHODS: These analyses utilized data from the Preventing Vaginal Infections trial. Relative abundance of vaginal bacteria from 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene amplicon sequencing and quantities of 10 vaginal bacteria using taxon-directed polymerase chain reaction assays were compared at visits with and without detection of yeast on microscopy, culture, or both. RESULTS: Higher relative abundances of Megasphaera species type 1 (risk ratio [RR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-0.95), Megasphaera species type 2 (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67-0.98), and Mageeibacillus indolicus (RR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.25-0.83) were associated with lower risk of detecting yeast. In contrast, higher relative abundances of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Aerococcus christensenii, Lactobacillus mucosae, Streptococcus equinus/infantarius/lutentiensis, Prevotella bivia, Dialister propionicifaciens, and Lactobacillus crispatus/helveticus were associated with yeast detection. Taxon-directed assays confirmed that increasing quantities of both Megasphaera species and M indolicus were associated with lower risk of detecting yeast, whereas increasing quantities of L crispatus were associated with higher risk of detecting yeast. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an analysis that examined associations between multiple vaginal bacteria and the presence of yeast, only a small number of vaginal bacteria were strongly and significantly associated with the presence or absence of yeast.
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