Britta Larsen1, John Bellettiere2, Matthew Allison2, Robyn L McClelland3, Iva Miljkovic4, Chantal A Vella5, Pamela Ouyang6, Kimberly R De-Guzman2, Michael Criqui2, Jonathan Unkart2. 1. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America. Electronic address: blarsen@ucsd.edu. 2. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America. 3. Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America. 4. Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, PA, United States of America. 5. Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Boise, ID, United States of America. 6. Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lean muscle plays critical roles in physical functioning and metabolism. However, little is known regarding associations between muscle and mortality in adults. OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to evaluate associations between abdominal muscle quantity (area) and quality (density) with risk of all-cause mortality in a diverse cohort free of cardiovascular disease. DESIGN: Data were taken from the Abdominal Body Composition, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease ancillary study of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis prospective cohort study. Participants were adults (45-85 years) free of extant cardiovascular disease, and of Hispanic, African American, Chinese, or Caucasian descent. Of the original 6814 MESA participants, a random, representative sample (n = 1974) participated in the ancillary body composition study. Abdominal muscle area and density were measured from computed tomography scans spanning L2-L4. Muscle density was measured as attenuation in Hounsfield units, and area was quantified as cm2. Gender-stratified cox proportional hazard models assessed the risk of all-cause mortality across gender-specific quartiles of muscle area and density adjusting for confounders, with area and density entered simultaneously. RESULTS: At baseline, the mean age for men (n = 946) and women (n = 955) was 61.5 and 62.5 years and median follow-up time was 10.6 and 10.9 years, respectively. Muscle density was inversely associated with mortality, with the highest quartile of density showing a 73% reduction in risk for men (HR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.14-0.51; p-trend<0.001) and 57% reduction for women (HR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.18-1.01; p-trend = 0.04) compared to the lowest quartile when adjusting for mortality risk factors, lifestyle, BMI and visceral fat. There was no association between muscle area and all-cause mortality for men (p-trend = 0.58) or women (p-trend = 0.47). CONCLUSIONS: Greater abdominal muscle density, but not muscle area, is associated with markedly lower risk of all-cause mortality across a decade of follow up. Muscle quality may be a powerful predictor of mortality in community dwelling adults.
BACKGROUND: Lean muscle plays critical roles in physical functioning and metabolism. However, little is known regarding associations between muscle and mortality in adults. OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to evaluate associations between abdominal muscle quantity (area) and quality (density) with risk of all-cause mortality in a diverse cohort free of cardiovascular disease. DESIGN: Data were taken from the Abdominal Body Composition, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease ancillary study of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis prospective cohort study. Participants were adults (45-85 years) free of extant cardiovascular disease, and of Hispanic, African American, Chinese, or Caucasian descent. Of the original 6814 MESAparticipants, a random, representative sample (n = 1974) participated in the ancillary body composition study. Abdominal muscle area and density were measured from computed tomography scans spanning L2-L4. Muscle density was measured as attenuation in Hounsfield units, and area was quantified as cm2. Gender-stratified cox proportional hazard models assessed the risk of all-cause mortality across gender-specific quartiles of muscle area and density adjusting for confounders, with area and density entered simultaneously. RESULTS: At baseline, the mean age for men (n = 946) and women (n = 955) was 61.5 and 62.5 years and median follow-up time was 10.6 and 10.9 years, respectively. Muscle density was inversely associated with mortality, with the highest quartile of density showing a 73% reduction in risk for men (HR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.14-0.51; p-trend<0.001) and 57% reduction for women (HR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.18-1.01; p-trend = 0.04) compared to the lowest quartile when adjusting for mortality risk factors, lifestyle, BMI and visceral fat. There was no association between muscle area and all-cause mortality for men (p-trend = 0.58) or women (p-trend = 0.47). CONCLUSIONS: Greater abdominal muscle density, but not muscle area, is associated with markedly lower risk of all-cause mortality across a decade of follow up. Muscle quality may be a powerful predictor of mortality in community dwelling adults.
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