Emily Heer1, Andrew Harper1, Noah Escandor1, Hyuna Sung2, Valerie McCormack3, Miranda M Fidler-Benaoudia4. 1. Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada. 2. Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA. 3. Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. 4. Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Electronic address: miranda.fidler-benaoudia@ahs.ca.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer has distinct causes, prognoses, and outcomes and effects in patients at premenopausal and postmenopausal ages. We sought to assess the global burden and trends in breast cancer by menopausal status. METHODS: We did a population-based analysis of global breast cancer incidence and mortality among premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Menopausal status was defined using age as a proxy, whereby breast cancer cases or deaths at age 50 years or older were regarded as postmenopausal. Age-standardised breast cancer incidence and mortality in 2018 were calculated using GLOBOCAN data. Incidence trends for 1998-2012 were assessed in 44 populations from 41 countries using the Cancer in Five Continents plus database, by calculating the annual average percent change. FINDINGS: Approximately 645 000 premenopausal and 1·4 million postmenopausal breast cancer cases were diagnosed worldwide in 2018, with more than 130 000 and 490 000 deaths occurring in each menopausal group, respectively. Proportionally, countries with a low UNDP human development index (HDI) faced a greater burden of premenopausal breast cancer for both new cases and deaths compared with higher income countries. Countries with a very high HDI had the highest premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer incidence (30·6 and 253·6 cases per 100 000, respectively), whereas countries with low and medium HDI had the highest premenopausal and postmenopausal mortality, respectively (8·5 and 53·3 deaths per 100 000, respectively). When examining breast cancer trends, we noted significantly increasing age-standardised incidence rates (ASIRs) for premenopausal breast cancer in 20 of 44 populations and significantly increasing ASIRs for postmenopausal breast cancer in 24 of 44 populations. The growth exclusively at premenopausal ages largely occurred in high-income countries, whereas the increasing postmenopausal breast cancer burden was most notable in countries under transition. INTERPRETATION: We provide evidence of a rising burden of both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer worldwide. Although early diagnosis and access to treatment remain crucial in low-income and middle-income countries, primary prevention efforts seeking to decrease exposure to known breast cancer risk factors are warranted in all world regions to curb the future breast cancer burden. FUNDING: None.
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer has distinct causes, prognoses, and outcomes and effects in patients at premenopausal and postmenopausal ages. We sought to assess the global burden and trends in breast cancer by menopausal status. METHODS: We did a population-based analysis of global breast cancer incidence and mortality among premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Menopausal status was defined using age as a proxy, whereby breast cancer cases or deaths at age 50 years or older were regarded as postmenopausal. Age-standardised breast cancer incidence and mortality in 2018 were calculated using GLOBOCAN data. Incidence trends for 1998-2012 were assessed in 44 populations from 41 countries using the Cancer in Five Continents plus database, by calculating the annual average percent change. FINDINGS: Approximately 645 000 premenopausal and 1·4 million postmenopausal breast cancer cases were diagnosed worldwide in 2018, with more than 130 000 and 490 000 deaths occurring in each menopausal group, respectively. Proportionally, countries with a low UNDP human development index (HDI) faced a greater burden of premenopausal breast cancer for both new cases and deaths compared with higher income countries. Countries with a very high HDI had the highest premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer incidence (30·6 and 253·6 cases per 100 000, respectively), whereas countries with low and medium HDI had the highest premenopausal and postmenopausal mortality, respectively (8·5 and 53·3 deaths per 100 000, respectively). When examining breast cancer trends, we noted significantly increasing age-standardised incidence rates (ASIRs) for premenopausal breast cancer in 20 of 44 populations and significantly increasing ASIRs for postmenopausal breast cancer in 24 of 44 populations. The growth exclusively at premenopausal ages largely occurred in high-income countries, whereas the increasing postmenopausal breast cancer burden was most notable in countries under transition. INTERPRETATION: We provide evidence of a rising burden of both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer worldwide. Although early diagnosis and access to treatment remain crucial in low-income and middle-income countries, primary prevention efforts seeking to decrease exposure to known breast cancer risk factors are warranted in all world regions to curb the future breast cancer burden. FUNDING: None.
Authors: Dongqing Chen; Conagh Kelly; Tatt Jhong Haw; Janine M Lombard; Ina I C Nordman; Amanda J Croft; Doan T M Ngo; Aaron L Sverdlov Journal: Curr Heart Fail Rep Date: 2021-11-03
Authors: Ying Wang; Megan E Tesch; Chloe Lim; Ying Hui Xu; Shaina Lee; Kirstin Perdizet; Dan Yokom; Ellen Warner; Jeffery Roberts; Caroline A Lohrisch Journal: Breast Cancer Res Treat Date: 2022-07-30 Impact factor: 4.624
Authors: Daniel Y Joh; Jacob T Heggestad; Shengwei Zhang; Gray R Anderson; Jayanta Bhattacharyya; Suzanne E Wardell; Simone A Wall; Amy B Cheng; Faris Albarghouthi; Jason Liu; Sachi Oshima; Angus M Hucknall; Terry Hyslop; Allison H S Hall; Kris C Wood; E Shelley Hwang; Kyle C Strickland; Qingshan Wei; Ashutosh Chilkoti Journal: NPJ Breast Cancer Date: 2021-07-02