Jun Lu1,2, Yuying Gu2,3, Huikun Liu4, Leishen Wang4, Wei Li4, Weiqin Li4, Junhong Leng4, Shuang Zhang4, Lu Qi5, Xilin Yang6, Gang Hu2. 1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China. 2. Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. 3. Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai, China. 4. Project Office, Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China. 5. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. 6. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association of daily branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) intake with the risks of obesity and insulin resistance in children of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: Daily BCAA intake was calculated by using a validated food frequency questionnaire in 996 children of mothers with GDM. The odds ratios (ORs) (95% CI) of childhood obesity and insulin resistance were obtained using logistic regression models. RESULTS: The multivariable-adjusted ORs for overweight and insulin resistance increased across quartiles of daily BCAA intake (P < 0.05 for trend). Multivariable-adjusted ORs for each 1-SD increase in BCAA intake were 1.37 (1.16-1.62) for overweight and 1.19 (1.02-1.38) for insulin resistance. After additional adjustment of children's daily total energy intake, the OR was still significant for overweight risk but no longer significant for insulin resistance. There were positive associations of daily leucine, isoleucine, and valine intake with the risks for overweight and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Daily BCAA intake was associated with increased risks for overweight and insulin resistance in children of mothers with GDM, but this association was not fully independent of children's daily energy intake. Restriction in dietary BCAA may help prevent childhood obesity and insulin resistance.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association of daily branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) intake with the risks of obesity and insulin resistance in children of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: Daily BCAA intake was calculated by using a validated food frequency questionnaire in 996 children of mothers with GDM. The odds ratios (ORs) (95% CI) of childhood obesity and insulin resistance were obtained using logistic regression models. RESULTS: The multivariable-adjusted ORs for overweight and insulin resistance increased across quartiles of daily BCAA intake (P < 0.05 for trend). Multivariable-adjusted ORs for each 1-SD increase in BCAA intake were 1.37 (1.16-1.62) for overweight and 1.19 (1.02-1.38) for insulin resistance. After additional adjustment of children's daily total energy intake, the OR was still significant for overweight risk but no longer significant for insulin resistance. There were positive associations of daily leucine, isoleucine, and valine intake with the risks for overweight and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Daily BCAA intake was associated with increased risks for overweight and insulin resistance in children of mothers with GDM, but this association was not fully independent of children's daily energy intake. Restriction in dietary BCAA may help prevent childhood obesity and insulin resistance.
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