S Haufe1, S Engeli1, J Kaminski2, H Witt3, D Rein4, B Kamlage4, W Utz5, J C Fuhrmann3, V Haas2, A Mähler2, J Schulz-Menger5, F C Luft2, M Boschmann2, J Jordan6. 1. Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. 2. Franz Volhard Clinical Research Center at the Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medical School and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. 3. Metanomics GmbH, Berlin, Germany. 4. Metanomics Health GmbH, Berlin, Germany. 5. Working Group Cardiac MRI, Clinic for Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, University Medicine Berlin, Charité Campus Buch, Germany. 6. Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair of Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: jens.jordan@dlr.de.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS:3-Hydroxyisobutyrate (3-HIB), a catabolic intermediate of the BCAA valine, which stimulates muscle fatty acid uptake, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. We tested the hypothesis that circulating 3-HIB herald insulin resistance and that metabolic improvement with weight loss are related to changes in BCAAs and 3-HIB. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed plasma and urine in 109 overweight to obese individuals before and after six months on hypocaloric diets reduced in either carbohydrates or fat. We calculated the homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR) and whole body insulin sensitivity from oral glucose tolerance tests and measured intramyocellular fat by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. BCAAs and 3-HIB plasma concentrations were inversely related to insulin sensitivity but not to intramyocellular fat content at baseline. With 7.4 ± 4.5% weight loss mean BCAA and 3-HIB plasma concentrations did not change, irrespective of dietary macronutrient content. Individual changes in 3-HIB with 6-month diet but not BCAAs were correlated to the change in whole body insulin sensitivity and HOMA-IR independently of BMI changes. CONCLUSIONS: 3-HIB relates to insulin sensitivity but is not associated with intramyocellular fat content in overweight to obese individuals. Moreover, changes in 3-HIB rather than changes in BCAAs are associated with metabolic improvements with weight loss. Registration number for clinical trials: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00956566.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND & AIMS:3-Hydroxyisobutyrate (3-HIB), a catabolic intermediate of the BCAA valine, which stimulates muscle fatty acid uptake, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. We tested the hypothesis that circulating 3-HIB herald insulin resistance and that metabolic improvement with weight loss are related to changes in BCAAs and 3-HIB. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed plasma and urine in 109 overweight to obese individuals before and after six months on hypocaloric diets reduced in either carbohydrates or fat. We calculated the homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR) and whole body insulin sensitivity from oral glucose tolerance tests and measured intramyocellular fat by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. BCAAs and 3-HIB plasma concentrations were inversely related to insulin sensitivity but not to intramyocellular fat content at baseline. With 7.4 ± 4.5% weight loss mean BCAA and 3-HIB plasma concentrations did not change, irrespective of dietary macronutrient content. Individual changes in 3-HIB with 6-month diet but not BCAAs were correlated to the change in whole body insulin sensitivity and HOMA-IR independently of BMI changes. CONCLUSIONS:3-HIB relates to insulin sensitivity but is not associated with intramyocellular fat content in overweight to obese individuals. Moreover, changes in 3-HIB rather than changes in BCAAs are associated with metabolic improvements with weight loss. Registration number for clinical trials: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00956566.
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