Matthew Sunderland1, Katrina Champion2,3, Tim Slade2, Cath Chapman2, Nicola Newton2, Louise Thornton2, Frances Kay-Lambkin4, Nyanda McBride5, Steve Allsop5, Belinda Parmenter6, Maree Teesson2. 1. The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building (G02), Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. matthew.sunderland@sydney.edu.au. 2. The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building (G02), Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. 3. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. 4. Centre for Brain and Mental Health Priority Research Centre, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia. 5. National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia. 6. Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Lifestyle risk factors, such as alcohol use, smoking, high body mass index, poor sleep, and sedentary behavior, represent major public health issues for adolescents. These factors have been associated with increased rates of major depressive disorder (MDD). The purpose of this paper is to investigate critical peaks in the prevalence of MDD at certain ages and to examine how these peaks might be amplified or attenuated by the presence of lifestyle risk factors. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of adolescents aged 11-17 years old (n = 2967) and time-varying effect models were used to investigate the associations between lifestyle risk factors and the prevalence of MDD by sex. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of MDD significantly increased among adolescents from 4% (95% CI 3-6%) at 13 years of age to 19% (95% CI 15-24%) at 16 years of age. From the age of 13, males were significantly less likely to have a diagnosis of MDD than females with the maximum sex difference occurring at the age of 15 (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.13-0.47). All lifestyle risk factors were at some point significantly associated with MDD, but these associations did not differ by sex, except for body mass index. DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that interventions designed to prevent the development of depression should be implemented in early adolescence, ideally before or at the age of 13 and particularly among young females given that the prevalence of MDD begins to rise and diverge from young males. Interventions should also simultaneously address lifestyle risk factors and symptoms of major depression.
PURPOSE: Lifestyle risk factors, such as alcohol use, smoking, high body mass index, poor sleep, and sedentary behavior, represent major public health issues for adolescents. These factors have been associated with increased rates of major depressive disorder (MDD). The purpose of this paper is to investigate critical peaks in the prevalence of MDD at certain ages and to examine how these peaks might be amplified or attenuated by the presence of lifestyle risk factors. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of adolescents aged 11-17 years old (n = 2967) and time-varying effect models were used to investigate the associations between lifestyle risk factors and the prevalence of MDD by sex. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of MDD significantly increased among adolescents from 4% (95% CI 3-6%) at 13 years of age to 19% (95% CI 15-24%) at 16 years of age. From the age of 13, males were significantly less likely to have a diagnosis of MDD than females with the maximum sex difference occurring at the age of 15 (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.13-0.47). All lifestyle risk factors were at some point significantly associated with MDD, but these associations did not differ by sex, except for body mass index. DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that interventions designed to prevent the development of depression should be implemented in early adolescence, ideally before or at the age of 13 and particularly among young females given that the prevalence of MDD begins to rise and diverge from young males. Interventions should also simultaneously address lifestyle risk factors and symptoms of major depression.
Entities:
Keywords:
Adolescence; Major depression; Prevention; Risk factors
Authors: E G Wilmot; C L Edwardson; F A Achana; M J Davies; T Gorely; L J Gray; K Khunti; T Yates; S J H Biddle Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2012-08-14 Impact factor: 10.122
Authors: Michael G Sawyer; Christy E Reece; Alyssa C P Sawyer; Sarah E Johnson; David Lawrence Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2018-03-16 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Crystal R Smit; Rebecca N H de Leeuw; Kirsten E Bevelander; William J Burk; Laura Buijs; Thabo J van Woudenberg; Moniek Buijzen Journal: Health Psychol Date: 2018-10-18 Impact factor: 4.267
Authors: Liliana G Ciobanu; Alize J Ferrari; Holly E Erskine; Damian F Santomauro; Fiona J Charlson; Janni Leung; Azmeraw T Amare; Andrew T Olagunju; Harvey A Whiteford; Bernhard T Baune Journal: Aust N Z J Psychiatry Date: 2018-01-11 Impact factor: 5.744
Authors: Risto Telama; Xiaolin Yang; Jorma Viikari; Ilkka Välimäki; Olli Wanne; Olli Raitakari Journal: Am J Prev Med Date: 2005-04 Impact factor: 5.043
Authors: David Lawrence; Jennifer Hafekost; Sarah E Johnson; Suzy Saw; William J Buckingham; Michael G Sawyer; John Ainley; Stephen R Zubrick Journal: Aust N Z J Psychiatry Date: 2015-12-06 Impact factor: 5.744
Authors: Candice L Odgers; Avshalom Caspi; Daniel S Nagin; Alex R Piquero; Wendy S Slutske; Barry J Milne; Nigel Dickson; Richie Poulton; Terrie E Moffitt Journal: Psychol Sci Date: 2008-10
Authors: Pedro J Teixeira; Eliana V Carraça; David Markland; Marlene N Silva; Richard M Ryan Journal: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act Date: 2012-06-22 Impact factor: 6.457
Authors: Kishwen Kanna Yoga Ratnam; Nik Daliana Nik Farid; Nur Asyikin Yakub; Maznah Dahlui Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-07-30 Impact factor: 4.614