Yujia Yang1, Guangyu Li2, Lu Chen3. 1. Vision Science Graduate Program, Center for Eye Disease and Development, and School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China. 2. Vision Science Graduate Program, Center for Eye Disease and Development, and School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. 3. Vision Science Graduate Program, Center for Eye Disease and Development, and School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; The Proctor Foundation for Research in Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. Electronic address: chenlu@berkeley.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE: High resolution visualization of the ocular surface and intact eyeball is critical and essential for our understanding and treatment of eye diseases. This study is to achieve this goal using advanced tissue clearing and three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies. METHODS: Wild type and fluorescently labeled transgenic mice of Prox-1-GFP (green fluorescent protein) or Thy1-YFP (yellow fluorescent protein) were used in the study. Eyeballs were harvested from normal or a disease model of corneal inflammation. Samples were infused with hydrogel monomers and heated for polymerization. Lipids were removed by electrophoresis. The transparent tissue-hydrogel hybrids of the anterior segments or intact eyeballs with immunolabeling or endogenous fluorescence were imaged by an advanced light sheet fluorescent microscope. High resolution 3D images and videos were captured for a wide array of structures and cell types. RESULTS: Optical transparency was achieved from intact eyeballs of both normal and diseased conditions. A variety of important structures and cell types, such as blood and lymphatic vessels, Schlemm's canal, nerves and endothelial cells, were detected with their natural morphology, location and organizational network. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first comprehensive and 3D high resolution imaging of the intact eyeball using tissue clearing and advanced light sheet microscopy. Given that the eye is the window of the body, we anticipate this advanced technology will facilitate diverse applications in biomedical research inside and outside the eye.
PURPOSE: High resolution visualization of the ocular surface and intact eyeball is critical and essential for our understanding and treatment of eye diseases. This study is to achieve this goal using advanced tissue clearing and three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies. METHODS: Wild type and fluorescently labeled transgenic mice of Prox-1-GFP (green fluorescent protein) or Thy1-YFP (yellow fluorescent protein) were used in the study. Eyeballs were harvested from normal or a disease model of corneal inflammation. Samples were infused with hydrogel monomers and heated for polymerization. Lipids were removed by electrophoresis. The transparent tissue-hydrogel hybrids of the anterior segments or intact eyeballs with immunolabeling or endogenous fluorescence were imaged by an advanced light sheet fluorescent microscope. High resolution 3D images and videos were captured for a wide array of structures and cell types. RESULTS: Optical transparency was achieved from intact eyeballs of both normal and diseased conditions. A variety of important structures and cell types, such as blood and lymphatic vessels, Schlemm's canal, nerves and endothelial cells, were detected with their natural morphology, location and organizational network. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first comprehensive and 3D high resolution imaging of the intact eyeball using tissue clearing and advanced light sheet microscopy. Given that the eye is the window of the body, we anticipate this advanced technology will facilitate diverse applications in biomedical research inside and outside the eye.
Authors: Ali Ertürk; Christoph P Mauch; Farida Hellal; Friedrich Förstner; Tara Keck; Klaus Becker; Nina Jährling; Heinz Steffens; Melanie Richter; Mark Hübener; Edgar Kramer; Frank Kirchhoff; Hans Ulrich Dodt; Frank Bradke Journal: Nat Med Date: 2011-12-25 Impact factor: 53.440
Authors: Jasmine N Singh; Taylor M Nowlin; Gregory J Seedorf; Steven H Abman; Douglas P Shepherd Journal: J Biomed Opt Date: 2017-07-01 Impact factor: 3.170
Authors: Lu Chen; Pedram Hamrah; Claus Cursiefen; Qiang Zhang; Bronislaw Pytowski; J Wayne Streilein; M Reza Dana Journal: Nat Med Date: 2004-07-04 Impact factor: 53.440
Authors: Yichen Ding; Jianguo Ma; Adam D Langenbacher; Kyung In Baek; Juhyun Lee; Chih-Chiang Chang; Jeffrey J Hsu; Rajan P Kulkarni; John Belperio; Wei Shi; Sara Ranjbarvaziri; Reza Ardehali; Yin Tintut; Linda L Demer; Jau-Nian Chen; Peng Fei; René R Sevag Packard; Tzung K Hsiai Journal: JCI Insight Date: 2018-08-23