Kristen Lyall1, Lanxin Song2, Kelly Botteron3, Lisa A Croen4, Stephen R Dager5, M Daniele Fallin2, Heather C Hazlett6, Elizabeth Kauffman1, Rebecca Landa7, Christine Ladd-Acosta8, Daniel S Messinger9, Sally Ozonoff10, Juhi Pandey11, Joseph Piven6, Rebecca J Schmidt12,13, Robert T Schultz11, Wendy L Stone14, Craig J Newschaffer15, Heather E Volk2. 1. AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. 2. Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 3. Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA. 4. Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA. 5. Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. 6. Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. 7. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 8. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 9. Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA. 10. MIND Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA. 11. Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. 12. Department of Public Health, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA. 13. MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA. 14. Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. 15. College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.
Abstract
Advanced parental age is a well-replicated risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition with a complex and not well-defined etiology. We sought to determine parental age associations with ASD-related outcomes in subjects at high familial risk for ASD. A total of 397 younger siblings of a child with ASD, drawn from existing prospective high familial risk cohorts, were included in these analyses. Overall, we did not observe significant associations of advanced parental age with clinical ASD diagnosis, Social Responsiveness Scale, or Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales scores. Instead, increased odds of ASD were found with paternal age < 30 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.83 and 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.14-7.02). Likewise, younger age (<30 years) for both parents was associated with decreases in Mullen Scales of Early Learning early learning composite (MSEL-ELC) scores (adjusted β = -9.62, 95% CI = -17.1 to -2.15). We also found significant increases in cognitive functioning based on MSEL-ELC scores with increasing paternal age (adjusted β associated with a 10-year increase in paternal age = 5.51, 95% CI = 0.70-10.3). Results suggest the potential for a different relationship between parental age and ASD-related outcomes in families with elevated ASD risk than has been observed in general population samples. Autism Res 2020, 13: 998-1010.
Advanced parental age is a well-replicated risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition with a complex and not well-defined etiology. We sought to determine parental age associations with ASD-related outcomes in subjects at high familial risk for ASD. A total of 397 younger siblings of a child with ASD, drawn from existing prospective high familial risk cohorts, were included in these analyses. Overall, we did not observe significant associations of advanced parental age with clinical ASD diagnosis, Social Responsiveness Scale, or Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales scores. Instead, increased odds of ASD were found with paternal age < 30 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.83 and 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.14-7.02). Likewise, younger age (<30 years) for both parents was associated with decreases in Mullen Scales of Early Learning early learning composite (MSEL-ELC) scores (adjusted β = -9.62, 95% CI = -17.1 to -2.15). We also found significant increases in cognitive functioning based on MSEL-ELC scores with increasing paternal age (adjusted β associated with a 10-year increase in paternal age = 5.51, 95% CI = 0.70-10.3). Results suggest the potential for a different relationship between parental age and ASD-related outcomes in families with elevated ASD risk than has been observed in general population samples. Autism Res 2020, 13: 998-1010.
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