Stephen Miller1, James Pike2, Yusuke Shono3, Yuliyana Beleva2, Bin Xie2, Alan W Stacy2. 1. Department of Research and Evaluation, Didi Hirsch Mental Health Services, 323 N. Prairie Ave, Suite 325, Inglewood, CA 90301, USA. Electronic address: stephenmanuelmiller@gmail.com. 2. School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, 675 West Foothill Boulevard, Suite 310, Claremont, CA 91711-3475, USA. 3. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1100 NE 45th Street, Suite 300, Box 354944, Seattle, WA 98195-4944, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated how negative affect (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress) is often a correlate of and precursor to nicotine dependence. Although recent evidence shows a gradual decline in tobacco use in the United States, subgroups that report higher levels of negative affect may continue to be at risk of becoming dependent on nicotine. One high-risk subgroup is students who attend alternative high schools. The current longitudinal investigation examined the effect of negative affect on nicotine dependence in this youth population. METHODS: 1060 students from 29 alternative high schools in Southern California completed a series of attitudinal and behavioral measures once per year over a three-year period. The main outcome was nicotine dependence i.e., feeling a strong urge to use nicotine products or experiencing withdrawal symptoms after a period of abstinence, measured using a version of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire designed for adolescents. A latent growth curve model was utilized to examine the effect of negative affect on nicotine dependence during this timeframe. RESULTS: The analysis revealed that negative affect had both a concurrent and prospective relationship with nicotine dependence. Moreover, the association between negative affect and nicotine dependence in the present was not statistically significant once the influence of negative affect reported one year earlier was accounted for. CONCLUSIONS: Negative affect may play a critical role in the persistence of nicotine dependence among high-risk youth. Providing resources to help manage negative affect may be critical to curtailing nicotine dependence in this population.
BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated how negative affect (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress) is often a correlate of and precursor to nicotine dependence. Although recent evidence shows a gradual decline in tobacco use in the United States, subgroups that report higher levels of negative affect may continue to be at risk of becoming dependent on nicotine. One high-risk subgroup is students who attend alternative high schools. The current longitudinal investigation examined the effect of negative affect on nicotine dependence in this youth population. METHODS: 1060 students from 29 alternative high schools in Southern California completed a series of attitudinal and behavioral measures once per year over a three-year period. The main outcome was nicotine dependence i.e., feeling a strong urge to use nicotine products or experiencing withdrawal symptoms after a period of abstinence, measured using a version of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire designed for adolescents. A latent growth curve model was utilized to examine the effect of negative affect on nicotine dependence during this timeframe. RESULTS: The analysis revealed that negative affect had both a concurrent and prospective relationship with nicotine dependence. Moreover, the association between negative affect and nicotine dependence in the present was not statistically significant once the influence of negative affect reported one year earlier was accounted for. CONCLUSIONS: Negative affect may play a critical role in the persistence of nicotine dependence among high-risk youth. Providing resources to help manage negative affect may be critical to curtailing nicotine dependence in this population.
Authors: Philip H Smith; Jennifer S Rose; Carolyn M Mazure; Gary A Giovino; Sherry A McKee Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2014-07-14 Impact factor: 4.492
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