Christopher G Twitty1, Laura A Huppert2, Adil I Daud3. 1. OncoSec Inc., 3565 General Atomics Ct, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA. 2. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, Rm A741, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. 3. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, Rm A741, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. Adil.daud@ucsf.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent developments in immunotherapy have transformed the landscape of melanoma therapy. Here, we review markers for response to immunotherapy. RECENT FINDINGS: Current immunotherapies disable immune checkpoints on T cells and other immune cells and allow immune rejection of tumor. This process depends crucially on a preexisting response to the development of the melanoma. Here we describe the complexity of the anti-tumor immune response and the links to the development of markers that are currently used or under investigation in the clinic. We describe immune response biomarkers along with new developments that could translate into advances.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent developments in immunotherapy have transformed the landscape of melanoma therapy. Here, we review markers for response to immunotherapy. RECENT FINDINGS: Current immunotherapies disable immune checkpoints on T cells and other immune cells and allow immune rejection of tumor. This process depends crucially on a preexisting response to the development of the melanoma. Here we describe the complexity of the anti-tumor immune response and the links to the development of markers that are currently used or under investigation in the clinic. We describe immune response biomarkers along with new developments that could translate into advances.
Entities:
Keywords:
Circulating tumor DNA; Exhausted T cells (Tex); Immune checkpoint inhibitors; Memory T cells (Tmem); Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1); Programmed death-1 (PD-1); Tumor microenvironment (TME); Tumor mutation burden
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