Molecular shape of Lumbricus terrestris erythrocruorin studied by electron microscopy and image analysis.

The molecular structure of erythrocruorin (hemoglobin) from Lumbricus terrestris has been studied by electron microscopy of negatively stained particles. Over 1000 molecular projections were selected from a number of electron micrographs and were then classified by multivariate statistical image-processing techniques. The two main groups of top and side views were each subdivided into smaller classes with significantly different features. About half of the top-view projections exhibit perfect hexagonal symmetry at the current resolution of about 2.0 nm, while the other top views lack this symmetry, probably as a result of tilting of the molecules relative to the carbon support film. The side views were separated into two 'families', each associated with the two different stable side-view positions the molecules can take. From these narrow stable side-views, the two families of projections are, again, generated by tilting. The symmetry properties of the three non-tilted projections show that Lumbricus erythrocruorin has a pointgroup D6 (622) symmetry rather than D3 (32).