Specific Inhibition of Viral MicroRNAs by Carbon Dots-Mediated Delivery of Locked Nucleic Acids for Therapy of Virus-Induced Cancer.

Viruses are associated with up to 15% of human cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by numerous oncogenic viruses including Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) play significant roles in regulating the proliferation and survival of virus-induced cancer cells, hence representing attractive therapeutic targets. Here, we report that specific inhibition of viral miRNAs by carbon dots (Cdots)-mediated delivery of locked nucleic acid (LNA)-based suppressors inhibit the proliferation of KSHV-associated primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells. Specifically, a combination of Cdots-LNAs to knock down the levels of KSHV miR-K12-1, miR-K12-4, and miR-K12-11 induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of PEL cells. Significantly, these Cdots-LNAs effectively inhibit the initiation of PEL and regress established PEL in a xenograft mouse model. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using Cdots to deliver miRNA suppressors for targeting viral cancers. Our study with viral miRNAs as targets may provide the scientific basis for using antisense drugs for human cancers associated with oncogenic viruses.