| Literature DB >> 31875862 |
Nina Ditsch1, Marcus Schmidt2.
Abstract
The article gives an overview of current treatment options for metastatic hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer. The focus is on combined therapies, e.g., with CDK4/6 inhibition compared with purely endocrine-based therapies in the pre- and postmenopause, presenting the latest study results. The addition of a CDK4/6 inhibitor to endocrine-based therapy with an aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant leads to a marked improvement in progression-free survival and is independently beneficial whether palbociclib, ribociclib or abemaciclib is involved. The particular clinical status of inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases argues for its use in the first-line treatment of women with metastatic, hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer compared with the available purely endocrine-based therapies.Entities:
Keywords: CDK4/6 inhibitor; HER2-negative; breast cancer; hormone receptor-positive; metastasis
Year: 2019 PMID: 31875862 PMCID: PMC6924325 DOI: 10.1055/a-1037-5205
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd ISSN: 0016-5751 Impact factor: 2.915
Fig. 1Survival from progression according to progression type (Fig. from Munich Tumour Registry analysis, 2017).
Table 1 Endocrine-based combined therapies.
| Drug | Dosage |
|---|---|
| mTOR inhibitor | |
Everolimus (+ exemestane) | 10 mg p. o. daily |
| CDK4/6 inhibitors (+ AI or fulvestrant) | |
Palbociclib | 125 mg p. o. d1–21, q28 |
Ribociclib | 600 mg p. o. d1–21, q28 |
Fig. 2Effectiveness of endocrine-based therapies in first- and second-line treatment of HR-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. (Study groups are shown with light colours and control groups are shown with dark colours; purely endocrine-based studies are FALCON, FACT and SWOG, all others are combined therapies; study references are listed under Table 2 .)
Table 2 CDK4/6 inhibition: comparison of studies (first- and second-line therapy).
| Study | Therapy | Case number | mPFS/TTP | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FALCON
| Fulvestrant | 230 | 16.6 | 0.0486 |
| vs. | ||||
| Anastrozole | 232 | 13.8 | ||
|
FACT
| Fulvestrant + anastrozole | 256 | 10.8 | 0.91 |
| vs. | ||||
| Fulvestrant | 258 | 10.2 | ||
|
SWOG
| Fulvestrant + anastrozole | 349 | 15 | 0.007 |
| vs. | ||||
| Anastrozole | 345 | 13.5 | ||
|
PALOMA 1 (1st line)
| Palbociclib + letrozole | 84 | 20.2 | 0.0004 |
| vs. | ||||
| Letrozole + placebo | 81 | 10.2 | ||
|
PALOMA 2 (1st line)
| Palbociclib + letrozole | 444 | 24.8 | < 0.000001 |
| vs. | ||||
| Letrozole + placebo | 222 | 14.5 | ||
|
PALOMA 3 (2nd line)
| Palbociclib + fulvestrant | 347 | 9.2 | < 0.000001 |
| vs. | ||||
| Fulvestrant + placebo | 174 | 3.8 | ||
|
MONALEESA 2 (1st line)
| Ribociclib + letrozole | 334 | 25.3 | 9.63 × 10 −8 |
| vs. | ||||
| Letrozole + placebo | 334 | 16 | ||
|
MONALEESA 7 (premenopausal, 1st line)
| Tamoxifen or NSAI + ribociclib + goserelin | 335 | 23.8 | 0.0000000983 |
| vs. | ||||
| Tamoxifen or NSAI + placebo + goserelin | 337 | 13 | ||
|
MONALEESA 3 (2nd line)
| Ribociclib + fulvestrant | 440 | 20.5 | 0.0000041 |
| vs. | ||||
| Fulvestrant + placebo | 229 | 12.8 | ||
|
MONARCH 2 (2nd line)
| Abemaciclib + fulvestrant | 446 | 16.4 | < 0.000001 |
| vs. | ||||
| Fulvestrant | 223 | 9.3 | ||
|
MONARCH 3 (1st line)
| Abemaciclib + NSAI | 328 | median PFS not reached | 0.00021 |
| vs. | ||||
| NSAI | 165 | 14.8 |
Abb. 1Überleben ab Progression nach Progressionstyp (Abb. aus Tumorregisterauswertung München, 2017).
Tab. 1 Endokrin basierte Kombinationstherapien.
| Substanz | Dosierung |
|---|---|
| mTOR-Inhibitor | |
Everolimus (+ Exemestan) | 10 mg p. o. täglich |
| CDK4/6-Inhibitoren (+ AI oder Fulvestrant) | |
Palbociclib | 125 mg p. o. d1–21, q28 |
Ribociclib | 600 mg p. o. d1–21, q28 |
Abb. 2Effektivität endokrin basierter Therapien in der Erst- und Zweitlinienbehandlung bei HR-positivem/HER2-negativem Mammakarzinom. (Die Studiengruppen sind in heller, die Kontrollgruppen in dunkler Farbe dargestellt; rein endokrin basierte Studien sind FALCON, FACT und SWOG, alle anderen sind Kombinationstherapien; Literaturhinweise zu der jeweiligen Studie sind unter Tab. 2 gelistet.)
Tab. 2 CDK4/6-Inhibition: Vergleich der Studien (Erst- und Zweitlinientherapie).
| Studie | Therapie | Fallzahl | mPFS/TTP | p-Wert |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FALCON
| Fulvestrant | 230 | 16,6 | 0,0486 |
| vs. | ||||
| Anastrozol | 232 | 13,8 | ||
|
FACT
| Fulvestrant + Anastrozol | 256 | 10,8 | 0,91 |
| vs. | ||||
| Fulvestrant | 258 | 10,2 | ||
|
SWOG
| Fulvestrant + Anatsrozol | 349 | 15 | 0,007 |
| vs. | ||||
| Anastrozol | 345 | 13,5 | ||
|
PALOMA 1 (1st-Line)
| Palbociclib + Letrozol | 84 | 20,2 | 0,0004 |
| vs. | ||||
| Letrozol + Placebo | 81 | 10,2 | ||
|
PALOMA 2 (1st-Line)
| Palbociclib + Letrozol | 444 | 24,8 | < 0,000001 |
| vs. | ||||
| Letrozol + Placebo | 222 | 14,5 | ||
|
PALOMA 3 (2nd-Line)
| Palbociclib + Fulvestrant | 347 | 9,2 | < 0,000001 |
| vs. | ||||
| Fulvestrant +Placebo | 174 | 3,8 | ||
|
MONALEESA 2 (1st-Line)
| Ricociclib + Letrozol | 334 | 25,3 | 9,63 × 10 −8 |
| vs. | ||||
| Letrozol + Placebo | 334 | 16 | ||
|
MONALEESA 7 (prämenopausal, 1st-Line)
| Tamoxifen oder NSAI + Ribociclib + Goserelin | 335 | 23,8 | 0,0000000983 |
| vs. | ||||
| Tamoxifen oder NSAI + Placebo + Goserelin | 337 | 13 | ||
|
MONALEESA 3 (2nd-Line)
| Ribociclib + Fulvestrant | 440 | 20,5 | 0,0000041 |
| vs. | ||||
| Fulvestrant + Placebo | 229 | 12,8 | ||
|
MONARCH 2 (2nd-Line)
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | 446 | 16,4 | < 0,000001 |
| vs. | ||||
| Fulvestrant | 223 | 9,3 | ||
|
MONARCH 3 (1st-Line)
| Abemaciclib + NSAI | 328 | medianes PFS nicht erreicht | 0,00021 |
| vs. | ||||
| NSAI | 165 | 14,8 |