Literature DB >> 31856435

[An interlaboratory comparison study on the detection of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion transcript levels and WT1 transcript levels].

Y Z Qin1, L W Zhu2, S Lin3, S X Geng4, S W Liu5, H Cheng6, C Y Wu7, M Xiao8, X Q Li9, R P Hu10, L L Wang11, H Y Liu12, D X Ma13, T Guan14, Y X Ye15, T Niu16, J N Cen17, L S Lu18, L Sun19, T H Yang20, Y G Wang21, T Li22, Y Wang23, Q H Li24, X S Zhao1, L D Li1, W M Chen1, L Y Long1, X J Huang1.   

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the current status and real performance of the detection of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion transcript levels and WT1 transcript levels in China through interlaboratory comparison.
Methods: Peking University People's Hospital (PKUPH) prepared the samples for comparison. That is, the fresh RUNX1-RUNX1T1 positive (+) bone morrow nucleated cells were serially diluted with RUNX1-RUNX1T1 negative (-) nucleated cells from different patients. Totally 23 sets with 14 different samples per set were prepared. TRIzol reagent was added in each tube and thoroughly mixed with cells for homogenization. Each laboratory simultaneously tested RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and WT1 transcript levels of one set of samples by real-time quantitative PCR method. All transcript levels were reported as the percentage of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 or WT1 transcript copies/ABL copies. Spearman correlation coefficient between the reported transcript levels of each participated laboratory and those of PKUPH was calculated.
Results:RUNX1-RUNX1T1 comparison: 9 samples were (+) and 5 were (-) , the false negative and positive rates of the 20 participated laboratories were 0 (0/180) and 5% (5/100) , respectively. The reported transcript levels of all 9 positive samples were different among laboratories. The median reported transcript levels of 9 positive samples were from 0.060% to 176.7%, which covered 3.5-log. The ratios of each sample's highest to the lowest reported transcript levels were from 5.5 to 12.3 (one result which obviously deviated from other laboratories' results was not included) , 85% (17/20) of the laboratories had correlation coefficient ≥0.98. ②WT1 comparison: The median reported transcript levels of all 14 samples were from 0.17% to 67.6%, which covered 2.6-log. The ratios of each sample's highest to the lowest reported transcript levels were from 5.3-13.7, 62% (13/21) of the laboratories had correlation coefficient ≥0.98. ③ The relative relationship of the reported RUNX1-RUNX1T1 transcript levels between the participants and PKUPH was not always consistent with that of WT1 transcript levels. Both RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and WT1 transcript levels from 2 and 7 laboratories were individually lower than and higher than those of PKUPH, whereas for the rest 11 laboratories, one transcript level was higher than and the other was lower than that of PKUPH.
Conclusion: The reported RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and WT1 transcript levels were different among laboratories for the same sample. Most of the participated laboratories reported highly consistent result with that of PKUPH. The relationship between laboratories of the different transcript levels may not be the same.

Entities:  

Keywords:  Fusion protein, RUNX1-RUNX1T1; Interlaboratory comparison; Real-time quantitative PCR; WT1

Mesh:

Substances:

Year:  2019        PMID: 31856435      PMCID: PMC7342382          DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2019.11.001

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi        ISSN: 0253-2727


分子学指标已成为当前白血病诊断分型、预后判断以及微小残留病(MRD)监测不可或缺的组成,具有重要临床意义[1]–[4]。采用实时定量PCR(RQ-PCR)技术检测的融合基因(如RUNX1-RUNXT1等)及过表达基因(如WT1等)转录本水平是常用的分子学指标,检测结果准确、含义清楚、临床意义明确是其临床有效应用的前提。有关慢性髓性白血病(CML)患者BCR-ABL(P210)转录本的国际及国内数据均已显示,即使检测准确,不同实验室检测同一标本的结果仍可能不同,导致不同实验室检测结果的含义不同[5]–[6]。室间比对是监测实验室检测质量和了解实验室间结果差异的主要手段。然而,到目前为止,国内及国际上有关白血病分子指标的室间比对基本针对的是CML患者的BCR-ABL,其他融合基因和过表达基因转录本水平的室间比对目前仍然缺乏。因此,北京大学人民医院(PKUPH)发起了国内第一次的RUNX1-RUNX1T1融合转录本及WT1转录本水平检测的室间比对,以了解国内检测现状和检测结果真实表现。

材料与方法

1.参与单位:本研究为实验室比对研究。经前期邮件确认,国内共21家实验室参与研究,其中20家实验室同时参与RUNX1-RUNX1T1WT1转录本水平比对,1家实验室仅参与WT1比对。 2.比对样品制备及派发:由PKUPH负责制备并派发比对样品。来自临床送检RQ-PCR剩余待废弃的新鲜骨髓样本,为了获得不同RUNX1-RUNX1T1转录本水平,用RUNX1-RUNX1T1(−)有核细胞以不同倍数稀释RUNX1-RUNX1T1(+)细胞。共制备14种比对样本,每种样本各制备23套平行样本。分别取1×107的细胞,加入1.5 ml的EP管中,待细胞离心沉淀后,各加入1 ml的TRIzol后彻底吹吸以均质化,−70°C冻存。PKUPH检测其中2套,检测结果取两套样本平均值,另21套各14份样本干冰冷冻快递至各参与实验室。 3.提取RNA、逆转录及检测RUNX1-RUNX1T1WT1转录本:各家实验室分别采用各自临床检测实际应用的实验方案进行RNA提取、逆转录及RUNX1-RUNX1T1WT1转录本水平的检测。RUNX1-RUNX1T1WT1转录本水平分别以RUNX1-RUNX1T1WT1拷贝数/ABL拷贝数×100%的形式统一报告结果。 4.统计学处理:采用GraphPad Prism 5.0软件对各家实验室与PKUPH的检测结果之间进行Spearman相关性分析,计算相关系数。

结果

一、RUNX1-RUNX1T1转录本水平比对结果 1.定性结果:14个比对样本中,9份应为RUNX1-RUNX1T1阳性,20家参与比对的实验室全部报告为阳性;5份应为阴性,1家实验室的1份样本和1家实验室的4份样本均报告为阳性,其余18家均报告阴性。因此,全部实验室所有样本的假阳性率为5%(5/100),假阴性率为0(0/180)。 2.定量结果:9份RUNX1-RUNX1T1阳性样本各家检测结果如图1A所示(根据各家检测结果中位值自低至高编号样本),每份样本各家报告的结果均不相同。PKUPH 9份样本的报告结果为0.038%~170.4%,根据21家实验室(包含PKUPH)的报告结果计算9份阳性样本RUNX1-RUNX1T1转录本水平的中位值,为0.060%~176.7%,共覆盖3.5个log的范围。9份样本各自报告的最高值与最低值的比值为5.5~80.0,其中RUNX1-RUNX1T1转录本水平最低的1号样本中有1家实验室结果明显偏离,若去除该实验室的这份结果,则该样本最高值与最低值的比值为12.3,9份样本各自报告的最高值与最低值的比值为5.5~12.3。因此,9份阳性比对样本各家RUNX1-RUNX1T1结果之间总体分布一致。20家实验室的9份阳性样本结果与PKUPH的相关系数如表1所示。其中,相关系数>0.99、0.98~0.99及<0.98分别有11、6和3家,最低相关系数为0.949,85%(17/20)的实验室相关系数≥0.98。
图1

比对各家实验室RUNX1-RUNX1T1转录本(A)及WT1转录本(B)各个样本水平报告结果

表1

各家实验室与北京大学人民医院之间RUNX1-RUNX1T1及WT1转录本水平报告结果的相关系数

医院编号RUNX1-RUNX1T1(n=9)WT1(n=5)
H10.9840.983
H20.9950.985
H30.9960.982
H40.9870.983
H50.9920.981
H60.9810.975
H70.9490.971
H80.9900.991
H90.9960.992
H100.9980.988
H110.9680.971
H120.9880.977
H130.9890.989
H140.9900.988
H150.9970.981
H160.9980.984
H170.9980.993
H180.9650.956
H190.9980.978
H200.9870.971
H210.954

注:−:未检测

注:−:未检测 二、WT1转录本水平比对结果 1.定性结果:14个比对样本均可检测到WT1转录本,21家参与比对的实验室全部报告出WT1转录本水平。 2.定量结果:14份样本各家检测结果如图1B所示,与RUNX1-RUNX1T1转录本报告结果相似,每份样本各家WT1转录本结果之间均存在差异。PKUPH 14份样本的检测结果为0.12%~46.2%,每份样本22家实验室检测结果的中位值为0.16%~67.6%,覆盖2.6个log的范围,14份样本检测最高值与最低值的比值为5.3~13.7。14份比对样本各家WT1转录本检测结果不同但总体分布相似。21家实验室与PKUPH之间WT1转录本水平报告结果的相关系数如表1所示。相关系数>0.99、0.98~0.99及<0.98分别为3、10和8家,最低相关系数为0.954,62%(13/21)的实验室相关系数≥0.98。 三、RUNX1-RUNX1T1WT1转录本比对结果的关系 13家WT1比对相关系数≥0.98的实验室的RUNX1-RUNX1T1相关系数均≥0.98,7家WT1相关系数<0.98的实验室中4家RUNX1-RUNX1T1相关系数≥0.98、3家<0.98。分别计算每份样本每家各自的RUNX1-RUNX1T1WT1转录本报告结果与PKUPH的比值,并以其中位值反映各家与PKUPH结果之间的关系。如图2所示,每家的两个比值均不相同,其中2家的两个比值均<1.0,7家比值均≥1.0,11家(55%)1个比值<1.0,而另1个比值≥1.0。因此,各家与PKUPH的RUNX1-RUNX1T1WT1转录本报告结果的相对关系不一致,9家与PKUPH的差异趋势一致但程度不同(2家均低于、7家均高于PKUPH),11家与PKUPH的差异趋势和程度均不同(一个高于另一个低于PKUPH)。
图2

各家实验室各份RUNX1-RUNX1T1及WT1转录本报告结果与北京大学人民医院(PKUPH)比值的中位值

讨论

染色体异位形成的融合基因是白血病重要的分子学特征,由于RQ-PCR技术检测融合基因转录本水平具有特异、准确、敏感的特点,因此是白血病患者初诊及治疗后定期随访的重要检测手段。RUNX1-RUNX1T1融合基因是t(8;21)急性髓性白血病(AML)的分子指标,不仅患者初诊时的检测结果用于分型及预后分层,国外及国内多项研究均显示治疗后特定时间点的RUNX1-RUNX1T1转录本水平代表的MRD具有明确的预后意义,能够指导治疗方式的选择[7]–[11]。对于不具有特异融合基因的急性白血病患者而言,采用RQ-PCR技术检测的过表达基因转录本水平是MRD分子监测的另一选择。WT1是过表达基因的代表,许多研究显示了通过定期随访检测WT1转录本水平监测MRD的临床意义[12]–[14]。因此,采用RQ-PCR技术检测融合基因和过表达基因转录本水平是当前白血病临床诊治的基本组成。 只有检测结果准确并且含义清楚,才能获得明确临床意义并有效用于临床实践。RQ-PCR检测结果的报告通常以目的基因与内参基因拷贝数的比值来展示,结果十分简单。然而由于RQ-PCR技术实验步骤多、涉及试剂多、RNA易降解、试剂及定量所用质粒标准品不统一以及仪器等因素,检测结果的准确性容易出现问题,此外即使检测本身可靠,各家检测结果可能不同,导致定量比值的含义不清楚。室间比对是了解实验室间结果差异的主要手段。3家国际参比实验室检测相同的30份CML患者标本,BCR-ABL(P210)定量结果各不相同[5]。国内不同实验室间的比对结果也显示检测同样样本各家检测比值各不相同[6]。RUNX1-RUNX1T1WT1转录本水平的室间比对国内之前从未开展,国际上亦未见报道。本次室间比对结果显示,RUNX1-RUNX1T1WT1转录本水平同样存在各家检测结果不一致的现象,各份样本的差异基本在10倍左右。因此,实验室间定量比值不一致是RQ-PCR检测的基本特征,不同实验室报告的相同比值可能含义不同。 以PKUPH为参照,本次室间比对结果显示大部分实验室具有敏感而准确地检测RUNX1-RUNX1T1WT1转录本水平的能力。PKUPH初诊t(8;21)AML患者中位RUNX1-RUNX1T1转录本水平为388%,根据样本制备时的操作及PKUPH的检测值判定,本次派发样本的RUNX1-RUNX1T1覆盖了初诊至约下降4-log的水平,因此包含了RUNX1-RUNX1T1作为MRD分子指标具有临床意义的定量水平[9]–[11]。20家参与实验室无假阴性结果,定量结果中仅最低RUNX1-RUNX1T1样本的1家报告结果明显偏离,分别有85%和62%的实验室与PKUPH之间RUNX1-RUNX1T1WT1的相关系数≥0.98。根据相关系数判定合格目前尚无标准,本次比对我们参考了BCR-ABL的室间比对经验。欧洲在为获得CML患者BCR-ABL(P210)的转换系数的样本派发比对中,对于计算转换系数的第一步比对,以相关系数≥0.98做为判定合格的标准[15]。以相关系数≥0.98为指标显示所有WT1合格的实验室RUNX1-RUNX1T1均合格,这一点提示本次通过2种转录本水平的比对基本反映了参与实验室RQ-PCR的检测能力。较WT1,有更多的实验室RUNX1-RUNX1T1合格,WT1比对样本多于RUNX1-RUNX1T1阳性样本以及比对样本之间存在有近似的WT1转录本水平可能存在一定影响。 本次比对还发现各家RUNX1-RUNX1T1WT1转录本水平与PKUPH结果之间的相对关系并不是都一致,55%的实验室报告结果一个总体高于另一个低于PKUPH。这一结果提示,不能根据两个实验室之间1项RQ-PCR结果推断其他转录本水平的相对关系。 本次比对也反映出RQ-PCR检测中存在的问题。首先是RUNX1-RUNX1T1检测有2家实验室得出了假阳性结果,RQ-PCR检测十分敏感,假阳性问题容易出现,有关实验室可能需在防止污染、操作细致以及阳性结果判定方面找原因。此外有1家实验室最低RUNX1-RUNX1T1的样本结果明显偏离,需要判断是否存在低水平检测不准的问题,在检测体系方面可能需要优化。对于相关系数偏低的实验室,可能在检测体系的优化和人员操作等方面尚需提升,以进一步提高检测精确性。 这个国内第一次的RUNX1-RUNX1T1WT1转录本水平检测的室间比对让我们了解到,与BCR-ABL(P210)类似,其他转录本水平同样存在各家检测结果不同的现象,大多数实验室与PKUPH之间结果存在很高的一致性,提示这些实验室具有敏感而准确地检测RUNX1-RUNX1T1WT1转录本水平的能力。CML患者的BCR-ABL(P210)利用转换系数转换为国际标准化的BCR-ABL[BCR-ABL(IS)][5],实现了实验室间RQ-PCR结果可比和意义明确,目前已成为CML患者分子学反应评估的国际通用方式,在CML患者成功的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂靶向治疗中发挥重要作用。通过室间比对监测报告结果的准确性、引入转换系数的概念实现检测结果含义清楚,在此基础上获得明确的临床意义可能是未来白血病分子指标临床有效应用的发展之路。
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