Shingo Kanaji1,2, Ryohei Watanabe3, Pietro Mascagni4,5, Fabian Trauzettel4, Takeshi Urade4, Fabio Longo4, Ludovica Guerriero4, Silvana Perretta3,4,6, Bernard Dallemagne3,4,6, Yoshihiro Kakeji7, Jacques Marescaux3,4. 1. IRCAD, Research Institute Against Digestive Cancer, Strasbourg, France. kanashin@med.kobe-u.ac.jp. 2. Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan. kanashin@med.kobe-u.ac.jp. 3. IRCAD, Research Institute Against Digestive Cancer, Strasbourg, France. 4. IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France. 5. Centre for Endoscopic Research Therapeutics and Training, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy. 6. Department of General, Digestive, and Endocrine Surgery, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. 7. Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3-D) high-definition (HD) stereovision and two-dimensional (2-D) ultra-high-resolution (4K) monitors have recently become available for laparoscopic surgery. The aim of this study was to compare laparoscopic performance between inexperienced participants using3-D/HD and 2-D/4K monitors and those using conventional 2-D/HD monitors. METHODS: The study enrolled 66 participants with no previous surgical experience or medical training. They were randomly divided into three equal groups, each using a different type of monitor (2-D/HD, 2-D/4K, or 3-D/HD), to perform three phantom tasks using a laparoscopic simulator: Task 1, touching markers on a non-flat surface; Task 2, bimanual peg transfer; and Task 3, passing a straight rod through a loop. Each task was performed three times. The performance scores (operative time, path length of the forceps, and technical errors) were compared for each monitor type and by age group (< 30 vs. > 30 years). RESULTS: For all three tasks, scores using the 3-D monitor were significantly better than those using either 2-D monitor, with no difference between the 2-D/4K and 2-D/HD monitors. Using the 2-D monitors, the performance of Task 3 by the participants > 30 years was worse than that by the younger participants; however, there was no difference between the age groups when using the 3-D monitor. CONCLUSION:Participants with no prior experience using a 3-D monitor showed better laparoscopic performance than those using 2-D monitors, even with 4K resolution. This improvement was more marked in older participants, suggesting a greater loss of depth perception in a 2-D environment.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3-D) high-definition (HD) stereovision and two-dimensional (2-D) ultra-high-resolution (4K) monitors have recently become available for laparoscopic surgery. The aim of this study was to compare laparoscopic performance between inexperienced participants using 3-D/HD and 2-D/4K monitors and those using conventional 2-D/HD monitors. METHODS: The study enrolled 66 participants with no previous surgical experience or medical training. They were randomly divided into three equal groups, each using a different type of monitor (2-D/HD, 2-D/4K, or 3-D/HD), to perform three phantom tasks using a laparoscopic simulator: Task 1, touching markers on a non-flat surface; Task 2, bimanual peg transfer; and Task 3, passing a straight rod through a loop. Each task was performed three times. The performance scores (operative time, path length of the forceps, and technical errors) were compared for each monitor type and by age group (< 30 vs. > 30 years). RESULTS: For all three tasks, scores using the 3-D monitor were significantly better than those using either 2-D monitor, with no difference between the 2-D/4K and 2-D/HD monitors. Using the 2-D monitors, the performance of Task 3 by the participants > 30 years was worse than that by the younger participants; however, there was no difference between the age groups when using the 3-D monitor. CONCLUSION:Participants with no prior experience using a 3-D monitor showed better laparoscopic performance than those using 2-D monitors, even with 4K resolution. This improvement was more marked in older participants, suggesting a greater loss of depth perception in a 2-D environment.
Authors: Antonio Marmolejo Chavira; Jorge Farell Rivas; Ana Paula Ruiz Funes Molina; Sergio Ayala de la Cruz; Alejandro Cruz Zárate; Alfonso Bandin Musa; Víctor José Cuevas Osorio Journal: Surg Endosc Date: 2021-02-01 Impact factor: 4.584
Authors: Tibor A Zwimpfer; Claudine Wismer; Bernhard Fellmann-Fischer; James Geiger; Andreas Schötzau; Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz Journal: Updates Surg Date: 2021-10-26